Mono and Diglycerides of fatty acids E471. Mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids and their derivatives

26.10.2019

Pizza is one of those dishes, passing by which is practically not possible. The aroma of fresh pizza attracts, so I want to try at least a small piece. And the question is rotated in the head: "How many calories in Pizza? Will this piece be dangerous for my waist? " The caloric content of pizza scares many, but few people know that the traditional Italian pizza refers to the category of products with low calorie. It all starts with a test for which only flour is used. solid varieties. In contrast to the carefully recycled flour of the highest grade, the maximum of beneficial substances is maintained in such a flour, and in addition, the products made from it are not absorbed by the body as quickly as it occurs in the case of a baking.

Initially, the filling of Italian pizza was very different from the one we used to see today. She was a tomato sauce. The sauce was smeared by kid and baked into the furnace. As a result, the caloric content of the pizza was low, and the dish was carried out very nutritious and tasty. It must be said that the Italians generally love the paste from the tomato and actively add it to many dishes. Perhaps this is one of the reasons why residents of this country remain slim to old age.

In our country, Pizza has become popular relatively recently. First of all, this is due to the fact that it is easy to cook, and besides, come up with own recipe Pizza is not difficult. Generously adding another piece of fat sausage or cheese into his pizza, few people think about how many calories in pizza turn out in the end. The main thing is to be delicious, and the caloric content of pizza is not so important for the connoisseurs of this dish.

How to cook pizza

Prepare pizza is simple enough. You need to knead the dough, roll it in a pellet and put it on a filling. The composition of the filling often depends on the preferences of the hostess. It is unlikely that at home someone looks tracks of special Italian recipes. For many pizza is an option open cakewho will not spoil anything. However, if you still care about how many calories in Pizza, it makes sense to study at least a few recipes of traditional pizza. And start changing this dish from the most important test.

The dough for pizza should not be yeast, like that, which is used for traditional Russian pies. It is most often flour and water. The dough should not be thick. Many this seems strange, they believe that only fat thick crust gives pizza taste. But, in fact, it only increases the caloric content of pizza. The first pizza was invented by no means due to the fact that it was nowhere to give products. Rather, she appeared in one of the poor areas, where the products were in the edge, therefore they rolled the dough finely, and the filling was not particularly rich. Over time, the filling for pizza has become replenished with new products, but the crude thickness remained almost unchanged. The dough should be thin - this is one of the main rules of the present pizza.

As for the filling itself, traditional Italian products should also be included in it. It can be italian ham, cheese, olives, etc. - everything that is rich in the Italian land. The way how many calories in pizza largely depends on the products. The most interesting thing is that the real Italian pizza does not imply a huge variety of ingredients. This, as already mentioned, maybe just tomato sauce, or several varieties of cheese. Italians do not seek to put everything in pizza that they have, but are limited to several ingredients. As a result, the pizza acquires an amazing taste. Perhaps our desire to put in pizza as many products as possible is caused by the desire to not give them to spoil, but what happens in the end is impossible to call italian pizza. Rather, it is variations on the topic of pizza, but certainly not she herself. But, after all, it is interesting how many calories in pizza with the ingredients familiar to us? Let's try to figure it out.

How many calories in pizza

One of the most frequently used pizza components is sausage. Usually, dry grade sausages go into it. Recipes such a pizza can be invent a great set. In addition to sausages in pizza, it can also include other meat, but the caloric content of pizza with sausage largely depends on the calorie content of the selected sausage. You can try, for example, prepare pizza with hunting sausages and doctoral sausage. For her filling use hunting sausages, salt cucumbers, doctoral sausage, olives, tomatoes, cheese and cheese. The caloric content of pizza with sausage will turn out to be approximately 280 kcal per 100 g. As can be seen, the dish is rather calorie, but it is not surprising, taking into account the abundance of ingredients. Calorie pizza with sausage can be reduced if only one grade sausage, tomato sauce and cheese. It all depends on the preferences of the cook.

It should be borne in mind that the caloric content of pizza with cheese will be higher, however, the pizza is especially tasty with him. Cheese is present in almost any pizza. The main requirement for it so that it melted well during heat treatment and got drove. The Italians have even a pizza recipe, where nothing else is more than cheese. This is very tasty dishBut the caloric content of pizza with cheese will turn out, of course, higher than if it is used in it only one type of cheese, since this product is quite calorie.

The frequent ingredient used for the preparation of pizza is also mushrooms. Given that mushrooms do not belong to products with high calorieness, they do not greatly increase the caloric content of pizza with mushrooms. For example, raw champignonswhich is added to pizza, contain only 20 kcal per 100 g. For the preparation of pizza, they need not much at all. If only mushrooms and tomato sauce were included in the pizza stuffing, the caloric content of pizza with mushrooms would be relatively low. It would be definitely lower than the caloric content of pizza with cheese. However, the caloric content of pizza with mushrooms will also affect the remaining products included in the pizza.

Initially traditionally italian dish Preparing for classical recipe, and the list of ingredients was simple enough: the crude, tomato Pasta, Tomatoes and cheese. Americans became filling and ham in the filling of the sausage, who have a different dish with fast food quickly gained immense popularity and began to be considered "heavy", the calorie product. In fact, if approaching the choice of ingredients with the mind, the caloric content of the pizza will not be so high, although to call it dietary product Still hard.

How many calories hides the classic and "american" pizza?

Despite the abundance of various sauces and cheeses, the traditional Italian cuisine is quite low-calorie. It contains many vegetables, fruits, greenery and minimum meat products. For the manufacture of a crich is used thin yeast doughand the most of the dish accounts for delicious vegetable filling. To determine how many calories in pizza and how this is affected by the cooking process, it is necessary to consider all components in parts.

Dough. It can be seen that in elite cafes and restaurants, where dishes are present in the menu italian cuisine, Pizza cake does not exceed 0.4-0.5 mm thick. Baking technology is close to traditional and occurs in a special oven. For the preparation of the test, flour, water and oil are used. In budget establishments of Fastfud, the dough-bored yeast, incredibly magnificent, often is the main component of the pizza. The caloric content of such a cake is large enough - about 250 kcal for a mass of 100 g, while fresh dough Several below - about 210 kcal.
Tomato sauce. Classic dish Prepared using tomato paste, while "American" pizza contain a huge amount of mayonnaise and ketchup, which sharply increases their calorie content. So, the difference between ketchup and tomato paste is 56 kcal for a mass of 100 g, which is a very tangible digit.
Stuffing is the most important and tasty component. The caloric content of pizza with vegetarian filling is definitely lower. Its composition includes: Tomatoes or Cherry tomatoes, artichokes, bulgarian pepper, onion, olives, olives and many other vegetables. The most famous low-calorie pizza - Classical "Margarita". It is enough "safe" for the shape of mushrooms, so the filling from the champignons of medium calorie. If I want meat, it is better to give preference to such components as chicken, turkey, low-fat beef or seafood. Salts, ham and various types of sausages should be avoided, they are so enough calories, and after heat treatment This indicator will increase even more.
Cheese. For the preparation of dishes use various grades of cheese, and depending on% of fatty, its energy value A mass of 100 g varies from 250 to 360 kcal. It is important to know, as well as sausages, the caloric content of cheese after heat treatment is noticeably rising. Some recipes do not include a classic "cob" from grated cheese. Sometimes it is replaced by pieces of cheese or mozzarella, the calorie content of which is 220-260 kcal.

The most popular pizza varieties and their energy value for a lot of 100 g.

Name or pizza components	Number of kcal *
"Margarita" (Tomato Pasta, Tomatoes, Cheese)
Vegetarian (tomatoes, olives, bell pepper, greens)
With mushrooms and onions
With mushrooms and half-glued sausage
With mushrooms and pickled roots
With shrimps and cheese
With salmon and cheese
"Hawaiian" (with chicken and pineapple)
With chicken, basil and macksarella
With salts, ham or sausage	from 250 to 300

* The data are averaged, and the indicator largely depends on the composition of the test, the amount of oil and calorie content of the ingredients themselves

How to enable pizza in the diet without harm to the figure?

Given how many calories in Pizza, even vegetarian, you need to seriously treat her share in the diet. If you refuse completely from a piece of this aromatic dish It will not work, then at least adhere to several rules.

It is better to prepare a pizza on your own, so you can control the energy value of the products and try to reduce calorie as cakes and fillings. The dough is better kneaded in kefir using coarse flour and olive oil.

It is necessary to choose a pizza, which contains a large number of vegetables and greenery (fresh leaves of lettuce, rollets), they will drop the digestive burden. Meat in the composition should be boiled, sausage and ham are categorically not suitable, as well as the presence of mayonnaise.

For those who do not want to add in weight, nutritionists recommend to eat no more than 2 pieces and only in the first half of the day. On average, a standard piece of pizza weighs about 100 g.

Holding to these rules, it is not forbidden to pamper yourself 2-3 times a month delicious food and at the same time save slender figure. And so that the conscience is not tormented for the steam pieces eaten, acquired calories can be spent in the gym or on a 30-minute jog in the park.

Video recipe cooking home pizza

More popular for this product in the field of nutrition is difficult to find anything. But the caloric content of the pizza few people are interested in her fans.

But if you have certain problems with overweight, then you should learn more about how many calories in the most famous varieties. Much depends on the filling and recipes of the preparation of the test.

First of all, with such information you can learn to regulate calories in baking own production. Many generously fill the homemade pizza with sausage and cheese, not supposedly, what is the energy value of each of its 100 grams.

It would seem that there is nothing intricate in this dish - vegetables are laid on the dough, something from meat products or semi-finished products, a little spice, and on top of all covered with cheese.

Today it is one of the options for magnificent snacks that can be quickly prepared even in a frying pan. Restaurant I. homemade pizza It can be prepared according to any of the existing recipes, and you can always think of your own. Such types of this dish, like Margarita, Pizza in 10 minutes, are particularly popular, and in general, any pizza with sausage and cheese.

How to count calories in pizzeria?

With all this, the joy of gourmet from the anticipation of a beloved dish can ruin except the caloric content of the pizza. 100 grams of most of her species accommodates a range of 250 to 300 kilocalories. This figure should be treated with caution, since much depends on the filling.

By the way, the home pizza "10 minutes" can approach dishes healthy nutritionIf you prepare it from natural components: meat, cheese, olives, mushrooms, vegetables. A small amount of mayonnaise or ketchup, which falls on a piece of pizza Margarita or Dad Jones - is not a reason to beat the alarm and deny yourself the pleasure.

If you argue about calories, it should be started directly from the test and how it is prepared. For classic italian recipe Using the dough yeast, and it is preparing not in a frying pan, but baked in special furnaces. American variations of dishes are more magnificent, therefore the caloric content of the pizza in this case will be higher. Only the foundation will give us 250 kcal per 100 grams of this dish, not counting the fillings. Homemade pizza can be prepared by some hostesses on kefir test.

What depends on the stuffs?

And then go then various fillings and additives. One of the most popular recognized dish with cheese and sausage. In principle, the cheese is the most common from the ingredients, which is found in any sort of pizza.

Please note that this product increases its calorieness after temperature processing, even with a conventional melting in a pan. It will not be without it and the most quickly cooked pizza in 10 minutes. And in such varieties where several types of cheese, margarita and more complex species are used, the ratio of the calorie will be even higher.

By tradition, for cooking is added various mushrooms, both fresh and pickled and sausage, from boiled to grade "Salami". All this will be needed if you have a dinner today - home pizza in 10 minutes. Of course, it is more expedient to add natural meat to a dish, for example, chicken fillet. In this case, the load on the digestive system will be smaller.

Tips on how to eat pizza

For those who follow their own figure, as well as for all other categories of readers, we do not advise to eat with this dish daily, at least in terms of the load on the pancreas. It is best to cook it at home, in its pan or in the oven.

In this case, you yourself can control all the ingredients, as well as know how much semi-finished products will fall on your family table.

Use meat instead of sausages, more fresh vegetables, greens, conservation own cooking. Pineapples or avocado can be added to burn fats and in anti-calories.

Simplest recipe

Do you know that even in a pan and for just some 10 minutes you can cook a delicious and juicy pizza for a family dinner? Of course, this is not a corporate margarita, but a great idea, to implement even a schoolboy.

Read more about this recipe:

For the dough itself, we will need a glass of flour and 4 tablespoons of sour cream, the same amount of mayonnaise and a pair of eggs, salt to taste.
We mix all the components so that the dough is liquid.
Pour it on the pan, lubricated with oil.
Over liquid dough We post everything that we will be consolidated as a filling - sausage or sausages, tomatoes, korean carrot, olives, etc.
Then we fall asleep all the cheese layer, preferably thoroughly, approximately 100 grams.
We put on a small fire under the covered lid.
As soon as the cheese is melted - our dish can be considered ready and removed from the fire.

Emulsifiers, stabilizers, coatings, foam stabilizers or anti-letters (depending on the composition), bakery improvers (distilled monoglycerides).

Glycerides of saturated fatty acids: powders, flakes, balls, waxes from white to cream color without odor. Glycerides of unsaturated fatty acids: yellow-brown oils or masses.

Wide melting area, depending on the type of fatty acid and crystalline form of glyceride. T 11l pure monostea-ration about 56 ° C. Six in ethanol, chloroform, benzene; Refair. in water.

Intermediate product of the natural process cleavage of food fats.

Obtaining

Alterstitution of fats in the presence of free glycerin, molecular distillation can be separated by monoglycerides, increasing their content in the mixture to 90-95%. Impurities: neutral fats, free glycerin, free fatty acids, non-lighted fats, polyglycerol esters.

Digested and digested in the same way as fats.

Chipboard is not defined. There are no dangers on GN-98. Codex: Allowed in 15 standards for food products as an emulsifier: margarines, GMP soups; chocolate and cocoa products in an amount of up to 15 g / kg; powdered milk and dry cream up to 2.5 g / kg; nutrition for infants to 1.5-15 g / kg; Jam, jams - only to prevent foaming. In the Russian Federation, allowed in products from cocoa and chocolate, pasteurized cream, rice fast cooking in the amount according to Ti (p. 3.1.1, 3.1.8, 3.1.12 SanPine 2.3.2.1293-03); in jams, jelly, marmalady, etc. Such products, including low-calorie in an amount of up to 10 g / kg (clause 3.1.6 SanPyn 2.3.2.1293-03); in non-emulsified vegetable and animal oils and fats (except oils obtained by pressing and olive oil) Including specially intended for culinary purposes in an amount of up to 10 g / l (clause 3.1.13, 3.1.14 SanPine 2.3.2.1293-03); as an emulsifier in foods according to the amount of p. 3.6.30 SanPine 2.3.2.1293-03); As a carrier-filler in glazing materials for fruits, dyes and fat-soluble antioxidants in the amount according to TI (clause 3.16.17 SanPiN 2.3.2.1293-03).

Mono- and diglycerides are relatively inert substances and in most cases are used only in activated form, for example, in the form of a powder obtained by spray drying on a suitable carrier or hydration. The active substances are in most cases only monoglycerides. They can be hydrate hot waterAt the same time, conmemble pastes are formed, in which the water is coordinated. These pastes contain 20-40% of monoglycerides. Water RDs These pastes and sorbitol or glycol may also contain (for example, for a drift) other coamults.

Additive 0.5% of distilled monoglycerides to the test: more stable dough (mechanical resistant and temperature); Best gas kept (enhancing gluten); Small pores, uniform pore formation, elasticity of the test; larger specific scope of bread; extension of freshness; Fat savings in bore products.

Complexation with starch is used to improve the quality of products from dough, potato and modified starch.

In fats, margarines, mayonuzes, creams additive 0.5-5% (pre-p-reinneteed when heating) monoglyceride is used for more easy and uniform emulsification of the aqueous phase; conservation of a stable emulsion under adverse storage conditions; elimination of a "sown" taste; Finding further processing, especially in frothy products by knocking.

IN confectionery, fat glazes and other coatings of monoglycerides can slow down the fats separation, reduce stickiness, facilitate whipping.

In meat and dairy products, monoglycerides can prevent or slow down the separation of the fat layer.

In ice cream, desserts, etc. Hard monoglycerides improve the scrabble and stability of the foam, while the monoglycerides of unsaturated fatty acids act rather as anti-foaming agents.

With direct transesterification of fat glycerin, a reaction mixture is obtained containing 40-60% monoglycerides and 30-50% of diglycerides. During the distillation of monoglycerides, products containing up to 80% of diglycerides remain; These products are used as anti-livensors, but mainly as auxiliary in-Va in the art.

Supplement from 2 to 6% of fatty acid salts (soap) facilitates the use of glycerides, these quantities still satisfy the requirements for cleanliness and do not affect the quality of the final food product. Such mixtures are often called "self-emulsified".

Distilled monoglycerides are entered into the list of raw materials in GOST 240-85 "Margarine. General technical conditions».

Other applications: in cosmetics, plant care products and animal feeds as an emulsifier and fats.