Fun chemistry experiments for kids. The most spectacular experiences with household chemicals

09.10.2019

Domestic chemists-scientists believe that the most useful property detergents is the content of surfactants (surfactants). Surfactants significantly reduce the electrostatic voltage between the particles of substances and break down conglomerates. This property makes it easier to clean the clothes. In this article, there are chemical reactions that you can repeat with household chemicals, because with the help of surfactants you can not only remove dirt, but also perform spectacular experiments.

Experience one: a foamy volcano in a bank

It's very easy to do this interesting experiment at home. For him you will need:

hydroperite, or (the higher the concentration of the solution, the more intense the reaction will be and the more spectacular the eruption of the "volcano"; therefore, it is better to buy tablets at the pharmacy and immediately before use dilute them in a small volume in a ratio of 1/1 (you get a 50% solution - this is excellent concentration);

gel detergent for dishes (prepare about 50 ml of an aqueous solution);

dye.

Now you need to get an effective catalyst - ammonia. Add the ammonia liquid carefully and drop by drop until it is completely dissolved.

Copper sulfate crystals

Consider the formula:

CuSO₄ + 6NH₃ + 2H₂O = (OH) ₂ (copper ammonia) + (NH₄) ₂SO₄

Peroxide decomposition reaction:

2H₂O₂ → 2H₂O + O₂

Making a volcano: mix ammonia with a cleaning solution in a jar or wide-necked flask. Then quickly pour in the hydroperite solution. The "eruption" can be very strong - for a safety net under the volcano flask it is better to substitute some kind of container.

Experiment two: reaction of acid and sodium salts

Perhaps the most common compound found in every home is baking soda. It reacts with acid to create new salt, water and carbon dioxide. The latter can be detected by hissing and bubbles at the reaction site.

Experience three: floating soap bubbles

This is a very simple baking soda experience. You will need:

wide bottom aquarium;
baking soda (150-200 grams);
(6-9% solution);
soap bubbles (to make your own, mix water, dishwashing detergent, and glycerin);

Spread soda evenly over the bottom of the aquarium and fill it with acetic acid. The result is carbon dioxide. It is heavier than air and therefore settles at the bottom of the glass box. To determine if there is CO₂, lower a lit match to the bottom - it will instantly go out in carbon dioxide.

NaHCO₃ + CH₃COOH → CH₃COONa + H₂O + CO₂

Now you need to blow bubbles into the container. They will slowly move along a horizontal line (the boundary of contact between carbon dioxide and air, invisible to the eye, as if floating in an aquarium).

Experience four: reaction of soda and acid 2.0

For experience you will need:

different types of non-hygroscopic food products(such as gummies).
a glass of diluted baking soda (one tablespoon);
a glass with a solution of acetic or any other available acid (malic,).

Cut pieces of marmalade with a sharp knife into strips 1-3 cm long and place for processing in a glass with soda solution. Wait 10 minutes and then transfer the pieces to another glass (with an acidic solution).

The ribbons will become overgrown with bubbles of the resulting carbon dioxide and float upward. On the surface, the bubbles will evaporate, the lifting force of the gas will disappear, and the marmalade ribbons will drown, again become overgrown with bubbles, and so on until the reagents in the container run out.

Fifth experiment: properties of alkali and litmus paper

Most detergents contain caustic soda, the most common alkali. It is possible to reveal its presence in the detergent solution in this elementary experiment. At home, a young enthusiast can easily conduct it on his own:

take a strip of litmus paper;
dissolve a little liquid soap in water;
dip litmus into soapy liquid;
wait until the indicator turns blue, which will indicate an alkaline reaction of the solution.

Click to find out what other experiments on the determination of the acidity of the environment can be carried out from the materials at hand.

Experiment six: colored explosions-stains in milk

The experience is based on the properties of the interaction of fats and surfactants. Fat molecules have a special, dual structure: hydrophilic (interacting, dissociating with water) and hydrophobic (water-insoluble "tail" of a polyatomic compound) end of the molecule.

Pour milk into a wide container of shallow depth ("canvas" on which a color explosion will be visible). Milk is a suspension, a suspension of fatty molecules in water.
Use a pipette to add a few drops of the water-soluble liquid dye to the milk container. You can add different dyes to different places of the container and make a multicolored explosion.
Then you need to soak a cotton swab in liquid detergent and touch the surface of the milk. The white "canvas" of milk turns into a moving palette with paints that move in the liquid like spirals and twist into bizarre bends.

This phenomenon is based on the surfactant's ability to fragment (divide into sections) a film of fat molecules on the surface of a liquid. Fat molecules, repelling by their hydrophobic "tails", migrate in the milky suspension, and with them the partially undissolved paint.

Did you know that May 29 is Chemist's Day? Who among us in childhood did not dream of doing a kind of magic, amazing chemical experiments? It's time to make your dreams come true! Read on, and we'll tell you how to have fun with Chemist's Day 2017, as well as what chemical experiments for children are easy to do at home.

Home volcano

If you are no longer attracted, then ... Want to see a volcanic eruption? Try to arrange it at home! To arrange a chemical experiment "volcano" you will need soda, vinegar, food coloring, a plastic glass, a glass warm water.

Pour 2-3 tablespoons of baking soda into a plastic cup, add ¼ glass of warm water and a little food coloring, preferably red, there. Then you add ¼ vinegar and watch the "eruption" of the volcano.

Rose and ammonia

You can watch a very interesting and original chemical experiment with plants on the YouTube video:

Self-inflating ball

Do you want to do safe chemistry experiments for your kids? Then you will definitely like the balloon experiment. Prepare in advance: a plastic bottle, baking soda, balloon ik and vinegar.

Pour 1 teaspoon of tea soda inside the ball. Pour ½ cup of vinegar into the bottle, then put the ball on the neck of the bottle and make it so that the soda gets into the vinegar. As a result of a violent chemical reaction, which is accompanied by the active release of carbon dioxide, the balloon will begin to inflate.

Pharaoh snake

For the experiment you will need: calcium gluconate tablets, dry fuel, matches or a gas burner. For the algorithm of actions, see the YouTube video:

Color magic

Want to surprise your child? Rather, do chemical experiments with color! You will need the following available ingredients: starch, iodine, transparent container.

Mix the white starch and brown iodine in a container. The result is an amazing mix of blue.

Growing a snake

The most interesting home chemistry experiments can be done using the available ingredients. To create a snake, you will need: a plate, river sand, powdered sugar, ethyl alcohol, a lighter or burner, baking soda.

Pour a sand slide onto a plate and soak it with alcohol. Make a depression on the top of the slide, where you carefully add icing sugar and soda. Now we set fire to the sand slide and observe. In a couple of minutes, a dark wriggling ribbon that resembles a snake will begin to grow from the top of the hill.

How to conduct chemical experiments with an explosion, see the following video from Youtube:

How to motivate a child to learn new substances and properties of various objects and liquids? At home, you can arrange an impromptu chemical laboratory and conduct simple chemical experiments for children at home.

The transformations will be original and appropriate in honor of a festive event or in the most ordinary conditions to familiarize the child with the properties of different materials. Here are some simple tricks that you can easily do at home.

Chemical experiments using ink

Take a small container of water, preferably with transparent walls.

Dissolve a drop of ink or ink in it - the water turns blue.

Add one tablet to the solution activated carbon pre-crushed.

Then shake the container well and you will see that it will gradually become light, without a shade of paint. The charcoal powder is absorbent and the water returns to its original color.

Trying to create clouds at home

Take a tall jar and pour a little into it hot water(about 3 cm). Prepare ice cubes in the freezer and place them on a flat baking sheet that is placed on the jar.

The hot air in the can will be cooled to form water vapor. The condensate molecules will clump together in the form of a cloud, a transformation that demonstrates the nature of clouds when warm air cools. Why is it raining?

Water droplets on the ground heat up and rise upward. There they cool down and, meeting each other, form into clouds. Then the clouds also combine into heavy formations, and fall to the ground as precipitation. Watch a video of chemistry experiments for children at home.

Feelings for hands at different water temperatures

You will need three deep bowls of water - cold, hot and room temperature.

The child must touch with one hand cold water and the other is hot.

After a couple of minutes, both hands are placed in a vessel with water at room temperature. How does water feel to him? Is there a difference in the temperature of perception?

Water can be absorbed and stain the plant

This beautiful transformation requires a living plant or flower stem.

Place it in a glass of water colored with any bright color(red, blue, yellow).

Gradually, you will notice that the plant is colored the same color.

This happens because the stem absorbs water and takes on its color. In the language of chemical phenomena, such a process is usually called osmosis or one-sided diffusion.

You can make a fire extinguisher yourself at home

Necessary actions:

Let's take a candle.
It is necessary to light it and place it in the jar so that it stands upright and the flame does not reach its edges.
Gently place a teaspoon of baking powder into the jar.
Then pour a little vinegar into it.

Next, we look at the transformation - White powder the baking powder will sizzle and foam, and the candle will go out. This interaction of the two substances ensures the formation of carbon dioxide. It sinks to the bottom of the can because it is heavy in comparison to other atmospheric gases.

The fire does not receive oxygen and is extinguished. It is this principle that is incorporated into the device of a fire extinguisher. They all contain carbon dioxide, which extinguishes fire flames.

What else you should definitely read:

Oranges can float on water

If you put an orange in a bowl of water, it won't sink. Clean it and dip it in water again - you will see it at the bottom. How did this happen?

The orange peel has air bubbles on which it floats on the water, almost like on an inflatable mattress.

Testing eggs for the ability to float on water

We use cans of water again. Put a couple of tablespoons of salt in one of them and stir until dissolved. Dip an egg into each of the jars. In salt water, it will be on the surface, and in normal water, it will sink to the bottom.

Experiments at home are a great way to introduce children to the basics of physics and chemistry, and to make it easier to understand complex abstract laws and terms through visual demonstrations. Moreover, to carry out them, you do not need to acquire expensive reagents or special equipment. After all, without hesitation, every day we conduct experiments at home - from adding slaked soda to the dough to connecting batteries to a flashlight. Read on to find out how easy, simple and safe it is to conduct interesting experiments.

Chemical experiments at home

The image of a professor with a glass flask and singed eyebrows immediately appears in your head? Don't worry, our home chemistry experiments are completely safe, interesting and rewarding. Thanks to them, the child will easily remember what exo- and endothermic reactions are and what is the difference between them.

So let's make hatching dinosaur eggs that can be used as bathroom bombs.

For experience you need:

small figures of dinosaurs;
baking soda;
vegetable oil;
lemon acid;
food coloring or liquid watercolor paints.

Experiment procedure

Put ½ cup baking soda in a small bowl and add about ¼ teaspoon. liquid paints (or dissolve 1-2 drops of food coloring in ¼ tsp water), stir the baking soda with your fingers to get a uniform color.
Add 1 tbsp. l. citric acid. Stir dry ingredients thoroughly.
Add 1 tsp. vegetable oil.
You should have a crumbly dough that hardly sticks together when pressed. If it doesn't want to stick together at all, then slowly add ¼ tsp. oil until you achieve the desired consistency.
Now take the dinosaur figurine and stick it with egg-shaped dough. It will be very fragile at first, so it should be set aside overnight (minimum 10 hours) to harden.
Then you can start a fun experiment: fill the bathroom with water and throw an egg into it. It will hiss violently as it dissolves in the water. It will be cold when touched, as it is an endothermic reaction between acid and alkali, absorbing heat from the environment.

Please note that the bathroom may become slippery due to the addition of oil.

Elephant toothpaste

Experiments at home, the result of which can be felt and touched, are very popular with children. This includes this fun project, which ends with a lot of dense, lush colored foam.

To carry it out you will need:

protective glasses for the child;
dry active yeast;
warm water;
hydrogen peroxide 6%;
dishwashing detergent or liquid soap (not antibacterial);
funnel;
plastic sequins (always non-metallic);
food colorings;
a bottle of 0.5 l (it is best to take a bottle with a wide bottom, for greater stability, but a regular plastic one is also suitable).

The experiment itself is very simple:

1 tsp dry yeast, dilute in 2 tbsp. l. warm water.
In a bottle placed in a sink or dish with high sides, pour ½ cup of hydrogen peroxide, a drop of dye, glitter and some dishwashing liquid (a few taps on the dispenser).
Insert the funnel and pour in the yeast. The reaction will start immediately, so act quickly.

Yeast acts as a catalyst and accelerates the release of hydrogen peroxide, and when the gas interacts with soap, it creates a huge amount of foam. This is an exothermic reaction, with the release of heat, so if you touch the bottle after the "eruption" stops, it will be warm. Since the hydrogen evaporates immediately, there is just a lather to play with.

Experiments in physics at home

Did you know that lemon can be used as a battery? True, very weak. Experiments at home with citrus fruits will demonstrate to children how the battery and the closed electrical circuit work.

For the experiment, you will need:

lemons - 4 pcs.;
galvanized nails - 4 pcs.;
small pieces of copper (you can take coins) - 4 pcs.;
alligator clips with small wires (about 20 cm) - 5 pcs.;
small light bulb or flashlight - 1 pc.

Let there be light

Here's how to run the experiment:

Roll on a hard surface, then squeeze the lemons lightly to let the juice flow into the skin.
Insert one galvanized nail and one piece of copper into each lemon. Place them on the same line.
Connect one end of the wire to a galvanized nail and the other to a piece of copper in another lemon. Repeat this step until all the fruits are connected together.
When you're done, you should be left with one 1 nail and 1 piece of copper that are not connected to anything. Prepare your bulb, determine the polarity of the battery.
Connect the remaining piece of copper (plus) and nail (minus) to the plus and minus of the flashlight. Thus, a string of connected lemons is a battery.
Turn on a light bulb that will run on the energy of the fruit!

To repeat such experiments at home, potatoes, especially green ones, are also suitable.

How it works? Lemon acid contained in lemon reacts with two different metals, which causes the ions to move in one direction, creating an electric current. All chemical sources of electricity work according to this principle.

Summer fun

You don’t have to stay indoors to do Some experiments will work better outdoors and you don’t have to clean up when they’re done. These include interesting experiments at home with air bubbles, and not simple ones, but huge ones.

To make them you will need:

2 wooden sticks 50-100 cm long (depending on the age and height of the child);
2 metal screw-in lugs;
1 metal washer;
3 m of cotton cord;
bucket with water;
any detergent - for dishes, shampoo, liquid soap.

Here's how to do spectacular experiences for kids at home:

Screw the metal ears into the ends of the sticks.
Cut the cotton cord into two parts, 1 and 2 m long. You may not exactly adhere to these measurements, but it is important that a 1 to 2 ratio is maintained between them.
Place a washer over a long piece of rope so that it sags evenly in the center, and tie both ropes to the ears of the poles, forming a loop.
Stir a small amount of detergent in a bucket of water.
By gently dipping the loop on the sticks into the liquid, begin to blow out giant bubbles. To separate them from each other, gently bring the ends of the two sticks together.

What is the scientific component of this experience? Explain to the children that bubbles are held together by surface tension - the force of attraction that holds the molecules of any liquid together. Its action is manifested in the fact that poured water is collected in drops, which tend to acquire a spherical shape, as the most compact of all existing in nature, or that water, when poured, is collected in cylindrical streams. At the bubble, a layer of liquid molecules on both sides is clamped by soap molecules, which increase its surface tension when distributed over the surface of the bubble, and do not allow it to quickly evaporate. While the sticks are kept open, the water is held in the form of a cylinder, as soon as they are closed, it tends to a spherical shape.

These are the experiences at home you can do with children.

Scientific discoveries have given humanity a lot original ideas... V rainy weather or when you're bored, some of them are great ways to have fun. We offer you 10 cool experiments for review. They can be carried out at home even by children, but preferably under adult supervision. These experiments use basic ingredients that are always available in the kitchen. Simple but interesting tricks based on the principles of chemistry, physics and biology. Well, let's get started!

What you need: a raw egg, two bowls (or plates), an empty bottle of water.

The course of the experiment. Squeeze the bottle so that some of the air comes out of it. Then bring its neck close to the egg on the plate, very close. Having opened the plastic container, you will see how the yolk is sucked into the inside of the bottle - together with the air, it hurries to occupy the empty volume.

Why is this happening? After compression, a part of the air "squeezed out", which means that the outside pressure has increased. Thus, the air literally "pushes" the yolk into the bottle.

Experiment: Create Non-Newtonian Substance

What do you need? Water, cornstarch, deep mixing bowl, food coloring. Put on old clothes so as not to get dirty and cover the table with oilcloth.

The course of the experiment. Pour a glass of water into a deep bowl, then add a glass there corn starch and mix everything well. Food coloring can be added if desired. Now slowly dip your hand into the mixture. As you can see, this is very easy to do. Do the same, but with effort - as a result, the substance will "push" the hand.

Why is this happening? Oobleck is a non-Newtonian substance. Sometimes (for example, when it is poured), it manifests itself as a liquid. But! When you press on the mixture, it behaves like a solid body, and upon impact it can even have a repulsive effect.

Soda and vinegar - instead of a pump!

What we need: Plain vinegar, narrow-necked bottles, balloons, baking soda.

The course of the experiment. A mini-geyser is made according to a similar principle, but we slightly modify a well-known experiment. Pour 50-100 grams of vinegar into bottles. Having made a roll of paper, we put one end of it in a balloon that needs to be inflated. Put 2-3 tablespoons of baking soda inside the other end of the original tube. Now you need to carefully put the balls on the neck of the bottles. Make sure that the baking soda does not spill out of these rubber containers prematurely. Preparations are over, you can proceed to the most interesting. Pour the contents of the balls into the bottle and enjoy watching.

Why is this happening? Molecules of baking soda and vinegar combine instantly, and a powerful reaction occurs. The result is carbon dioxide (CO 2), which inflates the balloon so much that it can even explode.

Coloring flowers by capillary method

What we need: fresh white flowers (daisies and carnations are great; for lack of flowers, you can even use celery), glass jar, food coloring, scissors. We also advise you to be patient, since you will see the full result of the experiment only after 24 hours. But after a while, you can follow how an amazing reincarnation is taking place.

The course of the experiment. Pour water inside the jar, add a dye of any color there. We dip flowers into this liquid, and watch how delicate white petals gradually turn into a different color.

Why is this happening? The water evaporates from the petals of the flower, so the stem absorbs the colored liquid from the jar. Gradually, the colored liquid reaches its petals.

Determining the amount of sugar in soda

What do you need? Unopened cans of diet and sugary drinks, a large container of water (a bathtub is also suitable for this experience).

The course of the experiment. Submerge cans of soda in water. Not all of them will sink to the bottom. Those that are left floating below the surface contain a lot of sugar. Fans of diets can safely drink "heavy" drinks.

What is the reason for this discrepancy? The density of regular and diet carbonated drinks is different, its value is influenced by the sugar content. As a result, some cans flop in the water, while diet drinks go boldly to the bottom.

Magic pouch

What you need: A bag with a special plastic clasp, a pair of sharpened pencils, a mug of water. We recommend that you experiment on a sink or bathtub, as the temptation to pull out the pencils after the experiment will be great!

The course of the experiment. Fill the bag with water and zip it up. Then we quickly pierce it through with several pencils, in turn. As you can see, the holes did not even leave a gap - the bag remained completely sealed.

Why is this happening? The tight zip bag is made of flexible polymers. In case of punctures, the plastic surface is hermetically sealed around the pencil, so it does not leak.

Cleaning copper coins at home

What do we need? Darkened coins, 1/4 cup white vinegar, one teaspoon of salt, a glass of water, two bowls (non-metallic), paper towels. We advise you to wear glasses to protect your eyes.

The course of the experiment. Pour water, vinegar and salt into a bowl. Place coins in the prepared solution. After a while, we evaluate the degree of their cleansing.

How it works? Acetic acid reacts with salt to help clear copper oxide from copper pits. Rinse the coins with water after testing, otherwise they will turn greenish. After clearing a dozen copper coins, make another interesting experience... Place a metal coin in the old solution. You will see the steel color change to yellowish. This happened because the metal attracted copper oxide molecules.

Flying ghosts

What do we need? An inflated balloon, tissue paper cut ghosts, and something to generate static electricity (your clothes or your hair will do!).

The course of the experiment. We glue the paper figures with one end to the table using scotch tape. Then we strongly rub the balloon on clothes or hair, and bring it closer to the lying silhouettes. Oh no! The ghosts have woken up and are trying to take off!

How it works? Rubbing a rubber ball on fabric or hair creates a negative charge on the surface, which attracts paper ghosts to itself.

The Dancing Raisin Experience

What we need: raisins, a bottle of mineral water, a transparent drinking glass

The course of the experiment. This experience is extremely simple. Pour into a glass mineral water... We also add a handful of raisins there, and watch how it "dances" in a glass container.

Why is this happening? Tiny bubbles of carbon dioxide (CO 2) cling to the uneven surfaces of the raisins. As a result, they become lighter and rise to the surface, where the bubbles burst. Then the raisins become heavy and fall back down, where CO 2 bubbles overtake it again.

Color milk painting

What do we need? Two plastic dishes, milk, food coloring, cotton swabs, liquid soap. Since we will be dealing with dyes, it is advisable to cover the clothes with an apron.

The course of the experiment. Pour some milk into a bowl - just to cover the bottom. Then we drip a colored dye onto its surface. Having dipped a cotton swab in liquid soap, we touch the epicenter of color blotches on the milky surface. Now we start drawing surreal stains.

Why is this happening? Food coloring not as dense as milk, so at first its droplets stick to the surface. But adding soap on the tip of a cotton swab breaks the surface tension of milk by dissolving fat molecules. The paint molecules smoothly move along the milky surface, repelling from the soapy layer.

Do these interesting experiments at home, with your children, or in a friendly company. You yourself will not notice how quickly time will fly by for this useful entertainment, and the inquisitive minds of young know-it-alls will take on board more and more scientific peaks.