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Cherry plum varieties: early ripening, mid-ripening, late, self-fertile. The use of cherry plum in culture

Cherry plum is very healthy fruit, which contains various acids, vitamins and minerals. Most are wary of unripe cherry plum, but, nevertheless, it has its own beneficial features and features. What is its use and how to use it, we will tell you in this material.

Useful components in the composition

Green cherry plum contains a large amount of vitamin C, which is extremely beneficial for human health. In addition, the unripe fruit contains vitamins of groups B, A, PP and E. Also, the fruit contains a large amount of fiber, calcium, phosphorus, iron and potassium.

All of these vitamins and minerals have a positive effect on human health. For example, B vitamins are excellent stress relievers, vitamins A and E support youth and beauty, potassium is good for the heart, and calcium is good for bones and hair.



This fruit has been used since ancient times as folk remedy which helps fight fever. A decoction of green fruits has not only antipyretic effect, but is also an excellent diaphoretic. It is also generally accepted that green cherry plum helps digestion, improves appetite, and fights vitamin deficiency.

Separately, it should be noted that this fruit helps various vitamins to be absorbed well and correctly, which is extremely important for people of age.

Application

An unripe fruit is extremely beneficial for human health, since it contains a large amount of citric acid. Famous Georgian sauces are made from such a green fruit, which are served to meat dishes... This sauce will add a spicy and unique taste to any dish. Thanks to the green cherry plum sauce, what is eaten is much better absorbed by the body and after a meal there is no heaviness in the stomach. In addition, with a portion of this sauce, a person saturates his body with a variety of vitamins and microelements.



If we continue to talk about the use of green fruit in cooking, then it is worth mentioning that even from unripe cherry plum, jam and compotes are cooked. In spite of heat treatment and conservation, this fruit perfectly retains almost all of its beneficial properties and vitamins. In the event that you close the jam with seeds, then such jars should be stored exclusively in a dark and cool place.

Those who are used to eating healthy and varied, may well freeze cherry plum and use it in the winter season, when the human body is in dire need of vitamins.

In addition to cooking, cherry plum is widely used in cosmetology, since this green fruit is considered to be one of the natural antioxidants. Cosmetologists often use it during some cosmetic procedures aimed at rejuvenating the skin and the body as a whole. The mask made of green fruit pulp and its seeds nourishes and moisturizes the skin especially well during the hot season. Most often, such masks are used by owners of sensitive and oily skin.



Contraindications

Excessive consumption of this fruit can lead to some problems and harm the body. Due to the high content of organic acids, unripe fruit can provoke heartburn and intestinal disruption. Not for nothing saying that everything is good in moderation. Green cherry plum should not be overused.

cherry plum photo

Cherry plum contains many useful substances:

  1. pectins;
  2. carbohydrates;
  3. vitamin C;
  4. organic acids;
  5. B vitamins;
  6. potassium;
  7. provitamin A;
  8. iron;
  9. magnesium;
  10. phosphorus;
  11. calcium.

It is the composition of this plant that determines the color of its fruits: yellow cherry plum is distinguished by the presence of a large amount of sugar and citric acid, and there are practically no tannins in it. And black cherry plum of the Opal variety has a lot of pectin in its composition. Its calorie content is 34 kcal.
Cherry plum is an excellent therapeutic and dietary fruit. The substances contained in the fruits have a diuretic, blood-purifying, mild laxative and anti-inflammatory effect, therefore it is recommended to eat it when:

  • chronic inflammation of the biliary tract and liver;
  • colds;
  • kidney disease;
  • impotence;
  • irregular bowel movements;
  • vitamin deficiency.

Due to its beneficial properties, cherry plum is also recommended for scurvy, night blindness and to increase appetite.

Video: Cherry

Cherry plum spread

One of the varieties of plums is cherry plum. It grows either in the form of a strongly thorny tree, or a shrub with a height of one and a half to fifteen meters. Cherry plum fruits are round and juicy, have a yellow, red, purple or black color with a slight waxy coating and a weakly pronounced longitudinal groove. It is also called tkemali, mirabelle or vishnesliva.
Such types of cherry plum are known as Rubinovaya, Shater, Granite, Evgeniya, Gek and many others, each of which differs in terms of ripening, growing conditions, taste of berries, but they are all very useful for humans. Even the best varieties cherry plums are very unpretentious and fruitful, up to 100 kg can be harvested from one tree. fruits. Each fruit has a bone that is difficult to separate from the juicy and fleshy pulp.
Cherry plum is an ancient plant. Traces of its distribution were found in excavations in Western Asia and the Caucasus, where they knew about its useful properties even before our era. Today, a large amount of it grows in Central Asia, the Caucasus and the Crimea, but its close and distant "relatives" are found in almost all corners of the world.
You can grow this type of tree at home, they do not require special conditions, but they prefer warm, sunny places and humid areas, so its yield increases noticeably. Cherry plum pruning, budding and fertilization are carried out once a year, in the fall.

Application

decoctions are prepared from green cherry plum for chronic colitis

Cherry plums are eaten raw and baked. Culinary experts all over the world make compotes, marmalades, preserves from them, and add them when making marmalades. Cherry plum hybrid will perfectly quench your thirst if you make juice from it. Also, a drink made from it is effective as a tonic and refreshing.
If you add a little camphor to the cherry plum juice and dilute with water, you can make lotions that have a wound healing effect. Decoctions and infusions from it are used to rinse a sore throat with ARVI. The beneficial properties of this plant will help treat coughs, and since it is a good natural expectorant, it is used to treat viral respiratory infections.
To prepare the infusion, you will need dried cherry plum. You need to take 1 tablespoon of dried fruits, pour 200 ml of them. hot water and leave in a thermos for 5 hours. After that, the resulting infusion must be filtered through cheesecloth. Take it in 60-70 ml. three times a day on an empty stomach.

In folk medicine for chronic colitis, not only a decoction of fruits is used, but also an infusion of leaves and flowers of this type of plant, like green cherry plum. To prepare it, you need to pour 30 gr. flowers and leaves with 2 cups of hot water, leave for 3-4 hours, and then strain. Take it in 100 ml. three times a day before meals.
Cherry plum is used in the form of decoctions and tinctures as a diaphoretic and antipyretic agent, and gum is a clear liquid flowing from a tree, if it is "hurt", doctors recommend taking it as an antitussive drug.
Cherry plum columnar and mountainous perfectly stimulates intestinal peristalsis. For impotence, kidney and hepatic diseases, a tincture of its flowers on water is used. The remedy, which is prepared from the mucus of the gum of these plants, is used in the fight against ulcerative lesions of the stomach.
Fruits of this type, such as royal cherry plum, contain a large amount of pectins and natural fibers, which makes it possible to use it to remove radionuclides from the human body. The seeds of these fruits are also beneficial. They are used to make oil, which in its composition resembles almond oil. Except for the shell, the oil in cherry plum seeds contains up to 43%. It contains amygdalin - a substance that, in the presence of emulsin and water, can be converted into glucose, benzoic aldehyde and hydrocyanic acid... Cherry plum oil is also widely used in the production of medical soaps and in the perfumery industry.
This plant is practically waste-free, since the shell of cherry plum seeds is used in the production activated carbon, but not the usual one, but the one that is used to cleanse products Food Industry(for example, sugar and vodka).
Cherry plum large-fruited is an excellent dietary remedy. Its fruits contain a small amount of sugar, so it can even be included in the diet of diabetics.

Cherry plum in cosmetology

to strengthen hair, rinse them with cherry plum broth

For women, who are owners of oily skin, an infusion for washing from cherry plum (50 grams of ripe and crushed fruits, pour 0.1 liters of warm purified water overnight) will help to restore dullness to the skin.
In the fight against uninvited guests, the following technique will help: take a fresh cherry plum, and wipe the problem area of ​​the skin with a berry. By the morning you will see that the rash is dry.
A 20-minute mask of pulp and crushed cherry plum will rejuvenate the skin of the face, neck and décolleté. And you can strengthen the hair roots and give them shine by rinsing with a decoction of 100 grams. crushed berries and 0.5 l. water.

Cherry plum in cooking

in cooking, cherry plum tkemali sauce is popular

The first thing that comes to mind when you mention cherry plum in cooking is tkemali sauce. It is great as a seasoning for fatty meats as it helps digestion.
To cook this Georgian sauce from cherry plum, you will need 700 gr. fruits that need to be put in a saucepan and pour water over them. Pour water so that it only covers the cherry plum, and cook until they boil. Then you drain the liquid and wipe everything through a sieve, dilute it with a little broth, add 200 g each. pounded cilantro and dill, 160 gr. bitter capsicum, 120 gr. garlic and salt to taste. Bring all ingredients to a boil again. Everything! The cherry plum sauce should cool down and ready to eat.
Also, kvass and wine are made from the fruits of this plant. Kvass is prepared from 1 kg. cherry plums, 10 liters. water, 100 gr. sugar or honey, 25 gr. yeast and mint infusion. Boneless fruits are boiled for 40-50 minutes, other ingredients are added to it and left to ferment. After it is filtered, bottled and stored in the refrigerator.
Dessert cherry plum is suitable for making wine. Its fruits must be thoroughly washed and put into a container specially prepared for fermentation. Water is poured there at the rate of 1 kg. cherry plums on 0.5 l. water and diluted yeast (3% of the resulting volume). Future wine for fermentation is left in a dark place, where the air temperature does not exceed 25 degrees, for at least 10 weeks. The finished wine is filtered and bottled.

Cherry plum has several names, for example, spreading plum or cherry plum. Life form - tree or shrub, there are both cultivated varieties and wild species. Fleshy fruits, up to 3-4 cm in diameter, with a stone inside. The color of cherry plum at full maturity can be from yellow-green to red-orange, purple and almost black.

Green cherry plum at the moment of full maturity can have both a rich green color and a pink or yellow blush over the main color. Green cherry plum fruits are useful because they are sources of vitamins:

  • group B;

A decoction of green cherry plum is used:

  • with an acute lack of vitamin C;
  • for rinsing the gums in order to reduce their bleeding and looseness;
  • with various inflammations of the respiratory system;
  • to increase appetite;
  • as an antipyretic agent.

Green cherry plum is used to make a seasoning with the addition of salt, which promotes faster digestion of meat and fatty foods.

Cherry plum juice and broth can be used not only internally, but also externally. The pulp of green cherry plum, included in cosmetology masks, relieves inflammation, narrows pores, removes age spots.

It is necessary to exclude green cherry plum and dishes from it from the diet of people suffering from stomach ulcers and gastritis with high acidity.

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The benefits and harms of Azerbaijani cherry plum

There are both wild and cultivated cherry plums on the territory of Azerbaijan. Depending on the region of growth, the fruits may differ slightly, but, as a rule, they have a thin skin and tender pulp, rather large (up to 40 - 45 mm in diameter) and very juicy. They can perfectly satisfy not only hunger, but also thirst: the water content in cherry plum juice reaches 89-90%.

The benefits of Azerbaijani cherry plum, first of all, are that the low sugar content allows the inclusion of fruits in the diet of patients with diabetes mellitus, both fresh and processed, if no sugar was added to the final product.

The minimum amount of light-colored tannins in cherry plum makes it useful for digestive disorders. Various sauces can be prepared from the fruits of Azerbaijani cherry plum, which have a positive effect on digestion and reduce the harm from fatty foods.

People with stomach ulcers and duodenal ulcers, with individual intolerance will have to give up cherry plum.

The harm and benefits of red cherry plum

Cherry plum fruits with a red color differ from yellow ones by a high content of anthocyanins. It is anthocyanins that give the fruit red or purple... By their chemical nature, cherry plum anthocyanins are plant glycosides. They have a beneficial effect on:

  • digestion with excess fat intake;
  • removal of inflammation from the intestine and its work;
  • discharge of bile.

Polyphenols and vitamin C, which red cherry plum contains, perfectly cleanse blood vessels and increase blood clotting.

Decoctions of red cherry plum thin phlegm well, soothe the nervous system. They can be used externally to relieve inflammation from the skin of the face and to lighten it.

It is harmful to eat cherry plum for people with gout, heartburn and high acidity.

"According to the scientific classification. One of the representatives of the family homemade plum, it belongs to those rare fruits that practically do not lose their beneficial properties during processing.
The first, perhaps, that comes to mind when mentioning such a fruit as cherry plum - tkemali sauce... This Georgian sauce is made from sour cherry plum varieties, and it works very well as a seasoning for fish and meat, promoting absorption. In addition, cherry plum is also a raw material for different types preserves, marmalades, marmalade, jams and jellies. Few people know that juices, kvass and even wine are also prepared from cherry plum.

This amazing fruit has a unique, sweet and sour taste even when raw. How ripe fruit cherry plums - so they are sweeter. However, unripe fruits are also used, albeit in a more prosaic, but very important area. Green cherry plum is very rich citric acid- up to 15%, and it is quite easy to extract it.

The composition and useful properties of cherry plum

Ripe cherry plum fruits contain up to 5% sugar, organic acids, pectin and numerous vitamins, in particular vitamin C. All these substances create a very a good combination, thanks to which both fresh cherry plum and various spices made from its fruits contribute to the assimilation of meat and fat. Calorie content fresh cherry plum is 34 kcal per 100 grams. The nutritional value: proteins - 0.3 g, fats - 0.1 g, carbohydrates - 7.9 g.

Cherry plum seeds are also of great benefit. They extract oil, which is similar in composition to almond oil(the bone makes up 43% of the weight of the fetus). Cherry plum oil, like almond oil, contains the glycoside amygdalin, which has the property in the presence of the enzyme emulsin and water to decompose into hydrocyanic acid, glucose and benzoic aldehyde. However, cherry plum oil is mainly used in the production of perfumes and medical soaps.

Cherry plum can be considered a completely waste-free product, since the meal remaining after receiving the oil consists of 73% protein and is an excellent raw material for the manufacture of casein. The shell of cherry plum seeds is also used for production. So, back in the 30s, they began to make active carbon used for cleaning various food products (sugar, vodka and others).

Cherry plum in treatment

Cherry plum- an excellent dietary remedy. Its fruits are useful both in dried form and in the form of compotes, preserves, jelly, jam, juice. Cherry plum juice quenches thirst, tones and refreshes. It is used for vitamin deficiencies, scurvy, acute respiratory diseases, stomach ailments and as a mild laxative. This juice, slightly diluted with water and mixed with camphor, is an excellent wound healing agent.

Cherry plum contains relatively little sugar, and thus it can be included in the diet of patients with diabetes mellitus. The dried pulp of this fruit retains its taste and all its dietary properties for a long time.

However, cherry plum and contraindications... Due to the fact that its fruits contain a significant amount of organic acids, it is not recommended for patients with gastritis, who have high acidity of gastric juice, stomach ulcers or duodenal ulcers. In all other respects, cherry plum fruits do not have any drawbacks, and will be useful to every lover of tasty and healthy fruits.

Sergey Korotya