What is connected with China. What do Russians associate China with? Modern explanatory dictionary

Many people point out that New Year- this is one of the most fun and beloved holidays. In fact, this is so. For example, March 8 is an exclusively women's day, February 23 is a men's holiday, etc. And the New Year is, one might say, a day for all people, without exception, regardless of their gender, age and other indicators.

As a rule, active preparation for the holiday takes several weeks before the New Year. This is buying gifts, making a menu and a lot of other troubles. In addition to these questions, all people usually decide where and with whom it is best to celebrate such a memorable day, which they may have been looking forward to for a whole year. Many are sure that one of best options the celebration is with friends. This can be explained by the fact that in no other place, for example, in a club or restaurant, you can feel as open and relaxed as in your warm company.

It is best to celebrate the New Year with friends at home. Of course, it's great if it is a country house, but an apartment in this situation is a good option. Many say that "if we celebrate the New Year with friends, then we know in advance that we need to prepare a huge table." It should be recalled that in a similar holiday menu there must be a hot dish, a large number of cold snacks, as well as a lot of fruits. Nuts and various sweets are also welcome. Do not forget that if you decide to celebrate the New Year with friends, then you need to make sure that on festive table, and in general in the house, there was enough alcoholic beverages... Better to let some of them remain after the holiday than in the middle of the night it will become clear that someone needs to run for a new portion.

So that the New Year with friends is not boring, you can pick up several interesting, or even better comic board games. They should be bought in a store specializing in similar products. In addition, you need to prepare fun contests for your friends. It can be "Surprise", "The best reader of comic poems", etc. For the "Surprise" contest you will need colorful balloons (preferably of different shapes). On pre-prepared pieces of paper, you need to write a variety (preferably with elements of humor) tasks. For example, you can think of the following: sing the well-known and beloved song "A Christmas tree was born in the forest", guess the New Year's riddle, dance rock and roll, belly dance or rumba. Leaves with tasks written on them must be put in balloons along with colorful confetti. After that, the balls should be inflated. The company of friends should be divided into teams, for example, 2, 3 or 4 people. One participant must choose a balloon he liked, burst it and complete the proposed task. If it is executed, the team will receive a herringbone-shaped token. At the end of such a game, they must be counted and determined which company won. As a reward for their efforts, the winners can receive 1 kg of tangerines or a bottle of champagne.

Competition "The best reader of comic poems" consists in alternating reading of funny quatrains related to the New Year. For this game you need to prepare leaflets with rhymed lines printed on them. Each player must pull out the first sheet that comes across and expressively read the quatrain written on it. The winner of the competition is determined by applause. Whoever they will be stronger and louder will win. The reward is a chocolate bar.

In the event that you are going to celebrate the New Year with new friends, then first you need to find out in more detail how they prefer to have fun and celebrate this event. Only after that it will be possible to draw conclusions about what contests or games need to be prepared for the long-awaited and most important in

On the eve of the 60th anniversary of the formation of the People's Republic of China, the All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion (VTsIOM) published on its website data on what Russia associates with China, whether Russians consider its dynamic development a threat to Russia, which country is Russia or China, according to the opinion of the respondents is more influential, in which of the states the standard of living is higher, and whose model of transition from a planned to a market economy turned out to be more successful.

China, as before, is primarily associated by Russians with goods produced in this country, including those of low quality (25%). 17%, when thinking about this state, recall the large size of its population and high birth rate, 14% - about its economic development. 10% perceive China as a threat to Russia, and 8% point to the positive qualities of the Chinese. Among other associations - friendship between the Russian and Chinese peoples, the ancient culture of this country, features of the appearance of the Chinese (4% each), the Great Wall of China, Chinese cuisine, "Land of the rising sun" (3% each), Chinese migrants, the Chinese Communist Party and Mao Tse Tung, negative features of this people (2% each), etc.

Over the past two years, some associations with China have lost, and some have increased in importance. Thus, Russians began to mention less often Chinese goods (25% versus 36% in 2007) and cheap labor - migrants from China (2% versus 7%). However, this state has become more often associated among our fellow citizens with rapid economic development (14% versus 9%) and a threat to Russia (10% versus 4%).

Russians do not have a common opinion about how dangerous the dynamic development of the “great neighbor” is for our country. Thus, 45% believe that it poses a threat to the national interests of Russia - this opinion is most characteristic of supporters of the Liberal Democratic Party (64%), southerners and Siberians (54 and 51%, respectively). 41% of the respondents are sure that the development of China is not dangerous for our state, first of all - the adherents of "United Russia" (44%) and the Urals (51%).

Most of our fellow citizens believe that Russia has a greater influence in the world than China (60%). This opinion is most characteristic of the adherents of "United Russia" (65%) and Siberians (68%). Only 19% adhere to the opposite point of view - mostly supporters of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (32%), southerners and Urals (24 and 23%, respectively). However, 12% believe that the influence of Russia and China in the world is the same - the adherents of A Just Russia (25%) and the Urals (19%) say this more often.

The lower the level of education of Russians, the more among them are those to whom Russia's influence in the world seems to be stronger (58-59% of Russians with secondary specialized and higher education versus 66% of respondents with primary education). The opposite situation is developing in the group of respondents who consider China to be more influential: 10% of the poorly educated versus 20% of the highly educated.

The relative majority of Russians believe that the standard of living in Russia is higher than in China (40%). First of all, this is the opinion of the Urals (50%), Siberians (49%), residents of the North-Western District (48%) and Russians with an average and high self-esteem of their financial situation (42%). 28% are sure that the Chinese live better - this is mainly the opinion of residents of the Central District (35%), southerners (33%) and low-income people (31%). However, according to 14% of respondents, the standard of living in Russia and in China does not differ, the residents of the Central District are most inclined to think in this way (18%).

39% of our fellow citizens believe that the "Chinese model" of transition from a planned to a market economy has proved to be more successful than the "Russian" one. Supporters of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and the Liberal Democratic Party (LDPR) adhere to this opinion more often (56 and 55%, respectively). A smaller proportion of respondents (23%) believe that the “Russian model” turned out to be more effective - mainly those who adhere to “United Russia” (28%).

An initiative all-Russian poll by VTsIOM was conducted on September 26-27, 2009. 1600 people were interviewed in 140 settlements in 42 regions, territories and republics of Russia. The statistical error does not exceed 3.4%.

China is a large country with a long history that has shaped the culture and traditions of its inhabitants, and has also created a certain image of the state in the minds of foreigners. To get to know the country, first of all, let's consider what China is associated with among tourists. Also, your attention will be offered brief information about the places that are worth visiting in China, the currency and language of the country.

What do foreigners associate China with?

For many, China is the Great Wall of China. It is not surprising, because this architectural creation is known in all corners of our planet. This ancient structure can be seen even from space. It is unforgivable to visit China and not see the Great Wall of China. The best place for its inspection is located near Beijing.

Another symbol of China is the Forbidden City. This is a kind of Mecca for Chinese and travelers from all over the world. Chinese come here from 23 provinces of China, and those who first came to China also come here. It is a huge complex of 800 buildings and 9999 rooms. The Chinese are very superstitious people and many things, including numbers, have special meaning to them. Number 8 is a symbol of prosperity and wealth, and 9 is a symbol of longevity.

China is the largest consumer of rice in the world. Rice is not only healthy food but also a wonderful plant. Tea plantations and rice paddies create mesmerizing landscapes in China.

China is also a land of rivers and lakes. On the territory of the republic there are about 5,000 rivers, most of which are in the eastern part of the state. The largest rivers are the Yellow River and the Yangtze. The Chinese call these rivers two dragons, which protect the country from all troubles.

For many, China is the center of Buddhism. China is the country to which Buddhism came first from India. One of the most beautiful Buddha statues is at the Jade Buddha Temple in Shanghai. You can't take pictures of a stutu, but it is always very pleasant to sit around it and think about life.

Popular places in China

Provinces and cities - every administrative unit in China will be interesting to visit, but above all, it is worth visiting one of the following places:

• Beijing is the capital of the Middle Kingdom;
• Shanghai is the city of the future;
• Xi'an is a historical cultural center;
• Hainan is the main resort of the country;
• Guangzhou is the center of southern China;
• Yunnan is a province with the most beautiful nature in the country.

You can learn more about all these places by reading the following articles in the series about China.

Chinese

There are 10 dialects in China, they are so different that sometimes even the Chinese themselves do not understand each other. Not everyone in the country speaks English, and it will not always be easy to communicate with the locals. In some large cities there are shopping areas where even Russian is spoken. Moreover, if you know Chinese, you can get better prices for food and accommodation, as well as for souvenirs.

Useful phrases:

1. Nihao - hello. By the way, if a Chinese bows to you, bow to him as a sign of respect.
2. Zaijien - goodbye.
3. Behold, thank you.
4. Blow buchi - sorry.
5. Voodzia- my name is.

Forbidden Internet

The Chinese government succeeded in the impossible - they introduced total censorship on the Internet. Banned in the country: Facebook, Tweeter, Wikipedia, YouTube, BBC, Wikileaks, Google, Yahoo! News is filtered, erotica and criticism of the Chinese government is prohibited. Internet robots scan the network around the clock and if illegal information appears somewhere, the site is immediately blocked. That is, be prepared to give up social networks while you are in China.

Currency of China

China's currency is called the yuan. The paper bills are available in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 yuan. There are also coins in China: jiao (or mao) and feni. Jiao denomination: 1, feni denomination: 1, 2, 5. In addition, there is a 1 yuan coin. There are 10 chiao in 1 yuan, and 10 feni in 1 chiao.

You should go to China with dollars. It is very easy to exchange them within the country. If you want to exchange money quickly, you can do it right at the airport, but there is not the most favorable rate. It is best to go to the bank or withdraw money from the card through an ATM. At the same time, keep the checks, because you can change the yuan back to dollars only if you have a check on the first transaction. There are a lot of banks and ATMs in China that work around the clock. ATMs accept Visa and MasterCard, the commission for withdrawing money is small. ATMs in large cities have English... It is profitable to change a large amount of money at once in the bank. In shops and restaurants, you can pay with cards without any problems.

CHINA, noun. Country name in Asia

Modern explanatory dictionary

CHINA, People's Republic of China (Chinese Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo), PRC, State in the Center. and Vost. Asia. 9.6 million km2. Population 1,179 million (1993); Chinese (Han) 93%, Zhuangs, Uighurs, Mongols, Tibetans, Hui, Miao, etc. (a total of over 50 peoples belonging to various linguistic families and groups). OK. 80% of the population lives in the eastern part of the country (approx. 1/10 of the territory). Urban population 26% (1991). The official language is Chinese. Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism. Administrative divisions: 22 provinces (excluding Taiwan), 5 autonomous regions and 3 cities under central jurisdiction. The capital is Beijing. The highest body of state power is the National People's Congress, and its permanent body is the Standing Committee. The head of state is the chairman of the PRC. China is located within the temperate, subtropical and tropical zones. The southwestern part of China is occupied by the Tibetan Plateau (average height of about 4500 m), framed by the mountain systems of the Himalayas, Karakorum, Kunlun, Nanshan and the Sino-Tibetan mountains; in the west and northwest there are high plains (Tarim, Dzhungarskaya, Alashan) and the mountains of the Eastern Tien Shan. The eastern part of the country is less high; in the northeast - the Manchu-Korean mountains, B. and M. Khingan, plains in the basin of the river. Songhua; to the south - the Loess Plateau, the Great Plain of China; in the south - the Nanling Mountains, Yunnan-Guizhou Highlands. The climate in the west is continental, in the east it is predominantly monsoon. Average January temperatures range from -24 ° C in the north and in the Tibetan Highlands to 18 ° C in the south, July on the plains from 20 to 28 ° C. Annual precipitation decreases from 2000-2500 mm (in the south and east) to 50-100 mm (in the north and west). Typhoons are frequent in autumn. Western regions - an area of ​​internal flow; in the east there is an extensive network of rivers. The main rivers are Yangtze, Yellow He, Songhua, Zhujiang. The most significant lakes are Kukunor, Dongting, Poyang. In the west - the Taklamakan desert, in the north - part of the Gobi desert. Under the forest approx. 8% of the area. Numerous reserves. In the 14th century. BC NS. In ancient China, the early slave state of Yin was formed, conquered in the 11th century. the Zhou tribe. Zhou state by the 7th century split into a number of independent kingdoms. In the end. 3 c. in China, a centralized Qin empire arose, it was replaced by the Han empire (206 BC - 220 AD). In the 3rd-6th centuries. China split into a number of independent states. In the end. 6 c. the country was united under the rule of the Sui dynasty. During the Tang Dynasty (618-907) there was a peasant war of 874-901. In the 12th century. North. China was conquered by the Jurchen nomad tribes. In the 13th century. China was conquered by the Mongols. The Mongol yoke was overthrown in 1368. At the end of the Ming dynasty (1368-1644), a peasant war broke out in 1628-45. To suppress it, the Manchu rulers were called in to help. The Manchus established their rule in China (their Qing dynasty ruled China from 1644-1911). All R. 19th century aggression of European states began against China. As a result of a series of wars, unequal treaties were imposed on China. The USA, France and Great Britain helped the Qing to suppress the Taiping peasant war (1850-64). In the 19th century. the country was divided into spheres of their influence; in the beginning. 20th century China has become a semi-colony. A liberation movement under the leadership of Sun Yat-sen has developed in the country. In 1911, the Qing dynasty was overthrown and the Republic of China was formed. In 1912 Sun Yat-sen created the Kuomintang Party, and in 1921 the CP of China (CPC) was founded. Until 1927, there was a civil war between the provincial rulers in China. In 1927-28, the territorial integrity of China was restored. Chiang Kai-shek became the chairman of the national government in Nanjing. In 1931 Japan seized Manchuria and created the state of Manchukuo on its territory. In 1937, Japan began an open war to capture all of China. During the war (1937–45), the contradictions between the Kuomintang and the CPC intensified. After the surrender of Japan, civil war broke out in the country again. The CCP military took over all of mainland China and forced Chiang Kai-shek to flee to Taiwan. The PRC was proclaimed on October 1, 1949. The Chinese leadership, headed by Mao Zedong, embarked on a course of nationalizing property and collectivizing agriculture, and laying the foundations for the Soviet model of socialism. During the years of the so-called "Great Leap Forward" (1958-60), the rates of economic growth were accelerated, the total socialization of the means of production, the liquidation of agricultural cooperatives, the creation of "people's communes" and others were carried out. The "Cultural Revolution" (1966-76), which caused disorganization of the administrative apparatus , deepened the crisis of the national economy. This policy of the CCP (later heavily criticized in China) was revised after the death of Mao Zedong (in 1976) in favor of pursuing a course of economic reforms with the aim of turning China to the middle. 21 c. to a highly developed country. The economic independence of enterprises was expanded, a multi-structured economy was allowed, with the aim of attracting foreign capital to China, "open economic regions" and "special economic zones" were formed. From the beginning. 1990s determined the transition to a "socialist market economy" carried out by the CPC China - an agrarian-industrial country. During the years of reforms, the national economy has acquired a dynamic character. To the end. In the 1980s, China doubled its GDP, eliminated the problem of providing the population with food. Share in GDP (1993,%): industry 45, agriculture 21, production services in the sectors of the "third sphere" 27. The basis of the fuel and energy base is coal (production of 1,110 million tons in 1992). Oil production (142 million tons). Electricity production 747 billion kWh (1992), mainly at thermal power plants. Smelting steel (80 million tons), non-ferrous metals (aluminum, copper, zinc, lead, tin, antimony, etc.). Production of cement (304 million tons), mineral fertilizers (21 million tons). Diversified machine building (machine tool building, agricultural and transport machine building, tractor, auto, aircraft and shipbuilding, production of electricity and other industrial equipment, electronic products, devices, as well as bicycles, sewing machines, watches, etc.). The main industry is the textile industry [cotton (18.5 billion m), silk, woolen fabrics]. OK. 1/2 of all industrial products are produced by small and handicraft enterprises. Traditional crafts (art products made of bone, silk, enamel, varnish, porcelain and faience, embroidery). Share in gross agricultural output (1992,%): crop production 74, livestock production 26. More than 60% of agricultural production falls on rural municipality and settlement enterprises. Arable land 930 million hectares (10% of China's territory), irrigated 49%. 2/3 of the cultivated area is occupied by food crops (rice, wheat, sweet potatoes, potatoes), 18% of the area under industrial crops (cotton, soybeans, peanuts, tea, tobacco, jute, sugar cane, sugar beets, etc.). Vegetable growing. Fruit growing. Viticulture. Production of cereals (total harvest 443 million tons in 1992) and cotton (about 5 million tons). Livestock (1992, million): cattle 134, pigs 385, sheep 206. Production (1992): meat 29 million tons, milk 5 million tons. China is one of the world's largest producers and exporters (9 thous. t, 1992) of natural silk. Fishing, seafood extraction. Fish farming. Collection of wild fruits and medicinal herbs. Harvesting of wood. The length (1992, thousand km) of St. 55, highway 1030. The largest seaports: Shanghai, Dalian, Qinhuangdao, Qingdao, Guangzhou with Huangpu, Tianjin with Xingang. The share of exports in GNP is 20% (1992); mainly textile raw materials, products of the electronic and textile industries, mechanical engineering. Major foreign trade partners: Hong Kong, Japan, USA, Germany, Russian Federation. The monetary unit is the yuan.