Industrial equipment for mustard oil. Mustard cooking technology
Mustard oil
Mustard oil- oil produced from mustard seeds.
Mustard oil from modern non-erucic varieties of Sarepta mustard grown in Russia contains up to 96% of unsaturated fatty acids, of which 45% oleic acid, 0.0% erucic acid, 46% polyunsaturated fatty acids, of which linolenic acid (omega-3) is 14%, and linoleic acid (omega-6) - 32%, and 4% saturated fatty acids. There have also been created varieties with a high content (over 50%) of oleic acid in oil.
Mustard seeds, like all cruciferous seeds, including canola (rapeseed) and turnip, are exceptionally high in omega-3s (6-11%) and are generally a cheap and readily available source of these vegetable acids (i.e. vegetarian), which is exceptionally good for the heart due to the omega-3 family of acids (see the "Indo-Mediterranean" diet in the links below). Flaxseed (from flaxseed) oil has 55% vegetable omega-3s, but is rarely used as a table oil or in cooking. Soybean oil has 6% omega-3 but contains over 50% omega-6, a fatty acid that rivals omega-3's function. Note that there are no other such readily available sources of plant-based omega-3 in Western and Indian diets. Especially at a time when omega-6 is poorly absorbed, people can convert vegetable omega-3 to one of the fish's omega-3s, eicosapentaenoic acid, in the amount required by vegetarians.
History of the origin of mustard and mustard oil
Throughout the centuries-old history of its existence, mustard is a well-known spice in many countries, not only because of its excellent taste, but also because of its amazing medicinal properties. Wearing in ancient Indian [ what?] language the name "destroying leprosy", "warming", mustard already in the first millennia of our era was widely used in folk medicine of Ancient Greece and Rome (the first mention of the miraculous properties of wild mustard dates back to the 1st century BC)
The homeland of gray (Sarepta) mustard is considered to be eastern China, from which this spice first came to India, and then from there it "migrated" to other countries of Asia and southern Europe. In Russia, gray mustard first appeared as a weed, accidentally brought to the Lower Volga region from Asian countries along with imported millet and flax.
Back in the 18th century, mustard oil, produced from the seeds of the best varieties of mustard, was supplied from England to the table of Catherine II, and was one of the favorite imperial delicacies. It was in connection with this special gourmand addiction of the empress that soon (at the end of the 18th - the beginning of the 19th century) the history of the cultivation of gray mustard and the industrial production of mustard oil from its seeds began in Russia.
Impact on health
The health effects of erucic acid derived from edible oils are controversial. Cases of myocardial infarction from the production of erucic acid on the coronary heart tissue have been reported many times .. It has been suggested not to give the person mustard oil [ who?] if he did not use it consistently in the earlier phases of his life.
Epidemiological studies suggest that in regions where mustard oil is still used in the traditional manner, mustard oil may provide some protection against cardiovascular disease. In this case, “traditional” means that (a) the oil is used fresh and (b) vegetable fats account for only a small percentage of the total calorie intake. Whether this effect is due to the nature of erucic acid, and essentially makes blood platelets less sticky, or due to the high percentage of linolenic acid, or due to a combination of properties of fresh unrefined oil, it has not been clarified. Caregivers need epidemiological studies like these to rule out early deaths from other misleading causes. The fact of early asymptomatic cardiovascular disease is easily detectable after death and there are no substances in mustard oil that could support the hypothesis that mustard oil has a protective function. ...
4-in-1 medicine from erucic and oleic acids - Lorenzo's oil; an experimental treatment for a rare neurobiological disorder called adrenoleukodystrophy.
The high percentage of erucic acid in mustard oil has led to its banning in the European Union and other countries.
Mustard oil composition
Mustard oil, which is a valuable edible vegetable oil, has a high content of biologically active substances necessary for the human body every day (vitamins (E, A, D, B3, B6, B4, K, P), polyunsaturated fatty acids (vitamin F), phytosterols, chlorophyll , phytoncides, glycosides, essential mustard oil, etc.).
The composition of mustard oil contains a significant amount of linoleic acid (belonging to the Omega-6 group) and linolenic acid, which is similar in its effect on the human body to the polyunsaturated Omega-3 acids contained in flaxseed oil or fish oil. When combined, these two essential fatty acids contribute to:
Well-coordinated work of the cardiovascular system (prevent the development of atherosclerosis, preventing the deposition of cholesterol plaques in the blood vessels, reduce blood viscosity and increase the elasticity of blood vessels) normalize fat metabolism, improve the function of the digestive system, maintain normal hormonal balance, improve the functions of the reproductive, nervous and endocrine systems; strengthen immunity to neutralize the harmful effects of toxins, toxins, radionuclides, salts of heavy metals on the human body Mustard oil contains the antioxidant vitamin A, which greatly helps to strengthen the immune system and the full development of the human body, and also has a beneficial effect on the state of the organs of vision, improves the functions of the skin epithelium and mucous membranes.
Of the fat-soluble vitamins, vitamin E also occupies an important place in mustard oil (in terms of its content, mustard oil is several times higher than sunflower oil). Possessing immuno-strengthening, anti-inflammatory, wound healing and rejuvenating properties, vitamin E helps to reduce blood cholesterol levels, normalizes blood clotting (thereby preventing the formation of blood clots), helps to strengthen the walls of blood vessels and capillaries, protects the heart from the consequences associated with a deficiency of magnesium and oxygen. In addition, vitamin E, which is part of mustard oil, plays a key role in the functioning of the reproductive system and is an important participant in processes related to reproductive function.
Mustard oil is also an excellent source of vitamin D (this fat-soluble vitamin is 1.5 times more in mustard oil than in sunflower oil). Vitamin D contributes to the maintenance of normal levels of phosphorus and calcium in the blood - macronutrients necessary for full growth and strengthening of bone tissue (it is the sufficient content of vitamin D in the human body that is the best prevention of rickets and osteoporosis). Vitamin D contained in mustard oil also enhances immunity, improves the functioning of the thyroid gland, prevents the onset and development of certain cardiovascular and skin diseases, is often used as part of the prevention and complex therapy of multiple sclerosis and a number of oncological diseases (leukemia, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, prostate gland, brain).
Mustard oil contains vitamin B6, and also promotes the synthesis of this vitamin by the intestinal microflora. Vitamin B6 plays an important role in various metabolic processes (fat, carbohydrate, protein, water-salt metabolism), regulates cholesterol and blood sugar, participates in the formation of hemoglobin, improves the functioning of the central and peripheral nervous system (vitamin B6 is a natural depressant). And besides, this component of mustard oil, often called the "female" vitamin, helps to maintain normal hormonal balance and has a beneficial effect on the female reproductive system.
Vitamin B3 (PP), which is a part of mustard oil, is necessary for the implementation of energy metabolism in the human body. It regulates the functions of the brain and nervous system, is necessary for the proper functioning of the digestive system, is an important participant in the synthesis of sex hormones
Mustard oil is also very rich in choline (vitamin B4), which is found in lecithin, an important constituent of brain cells and nerve fibers. This component of mustard oil not only has a beneficial effect on the state of the nervous system and improves the mental abilities of a person, but also participates in the synthesis of phospholipids by the body - substances that prevent fatty liver infiltration.
The composition of mustard oil is also characterized by a high content of biologically active substances of phytosterols ("plant hormones"). Phytosterols have bactericidal and antitumor properties, help to reduce the level of "harmful" cholesterol in the blood, and improve the condition of the skin. In official medicine, "plant hormones" are often used as part of the complex treatment of diseases of the prostate gland, oncological, endocrine, and cardiovascular diseases.
Mustard oil also contains a large amount of phytoncides, chlorophylls, isothiocyanates, synegrin, essential mustard oil - substances with powerful bactericidal and antitumor properties. In a complex combination, these components of mustard oil are the best way to improve the functions of the cardiovascular, digestive, endocrine systems, and the respiratory systems of the human body.
Modern varieties of Sarepta mustard make it possible to obtain oil without erucic acid or with a low content of it (up to 2%) and with a total content of oleic and linoleic acids up to 82%.
The use of mustard oil in the prevention and treatment of various diseases
For many centuries, mustard oil has been successfully used not only as a valuable dietary food product, but also finds various applications as a multifunctional therapeutic and prophylactic agent. Very rich in vitamins, natural "antibiotics", biologically active substances, mustard oil has a wide range of useful properties (bactericidal, antiviral, analgesic, anthelmintic, immunostimulating, decongestant, antitumor, wound healing, antiseptic, etc.).
The benefits of mustard oil for the digestive system. Mustard oil improves appetite and actively stimulates the digestive process (B vitamins and other substances that make up this product, enhance the secretory and motor function of the gastrointestinal tract, increase the functional activity of the liver and pancreas). Mustard oil contains a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (vitamin F) and choline (vitamin B4) - substances that stimulate the process of bile secretion and contribute to the normalization of fat metabolism in the liver. That is why mustard oil is useful to regularly eat for the prevention and complex treatment of cholelithiasis, fatty liver disease, cholecystitis, hepatitis, cirrhosis. Mustard oil, in addition, is well known in folk medicine as an effective antihelminthic agent, which is used in the treatment and prevention of various helminthiases (ascariasis, enterobiasis, trichocephalosis, opisthorchiasis, etc.)
Mustard oil improves blood composition and cardiovascular function. Mustard oil contains in its composition a whole complex of substances that reduce capillary permeability, help to strengthen and increase the elasticity of blood vessels (vitamins E, P, F (polyunsaturated fatty acids)). The same components of mustard oil protect the circulatory system from the onset and development of inflammatory processes. Mustard oil is useful for the prevention and as part of the complex treatment of hypertension - after all, the complex of vitamins E, K, F, P, B3, D contained in this product helps to normalize the level of blood pressure and is "responsible" for the correct regulation of blood clotting. In addition, regular consumption of mustard oil is very effective for the prevention and complex treatment of atherosclerosis (phytosterols contained in mustard oil and the complex of vitamins E, F, B3, B6 reliably protect blood vessels from deposits on their walls of "bad" cholesterol). Mustard oil is also a source of substances that are actively involved in the synthesis of hemoglobin (chlorophyll, vitamins E and B6), and therefore the introduction of this product into the diet is especially useful for the prevention and complex treatment of anemia (anemia).
Mustard oil is an effective remedy for the treatment of the effects of injuries, diseases of muscles and joints. Due to the synegrin glycoside, mustard oil, when applied externally, has an irritating, warming effect on the skin, helping to improve local blood circulation at the site of the inflammatory process. In addition, this vegetable oil has analgesic, bactericidal, decongestant and antitumor properties. And that is why mustard oil has long been a traditional component of most medicinal ointments and creams for the treatment of gout, arthritis, polyarthritis, lumbago, myositis, rheumatism, sciatica. When rubbed into the skin, mustard oil also helps to relieve tension in muscles and ligaments (due to this property, this oil is often used by athletes after intense physical exertion). Well, in addition, due to its disinfecting and antiseptic effect, mustard oil is in folk medicine a famous remedy for the treatment of cuts and other traumatic skin lesions.
The health benefits of mustard oil for women and children. The complex of vitamins A, E and F included in mustard oil is necessary for the full development of the embryo in the body of a pregnant woman, for the successful course of the entire period of pregnancy and reducing the risk of complications during childbirth. Vitamin E and chlorophyll contained in mustard oil actively enhance lactation in breastfeeding women, and also significantly improve the taste of mother's milk. Regular consumption of mustard oil, which contains a whole range of substances that have a beneficial effect on the hormonal balance of the female body (phytosterols, vitamins E, F, D, B6), is especially useful for women who can hardly tolerate painful symptoms of premenstrual or menopause. The introduction of mustard oil, rich in phytosterols, vitamins D and K, into the diet will also help prevent the onset and development of osteoporosis (bone tissue disease), a serious complication of menopause associated with a deficiency of sex hormones in the female body. Mustard oil can also be recommended as an additive to baby food - after all, this vegetable oil is a good source of choline and B vitamins, which are involved in the formation of a child's brain and nervous system, and is very rich in vitamins A and D, which are necessary for the full growth of a child's body.
The influence of mustard oil on the functions of the male and female genital area. Mustard oil contains a complex of substances that improve sexual and reproductive function in both men and women (beta-sitosterol, vitamins E, B3, B6). In particular, vitamin E plays a key role in the process of sperm formation and is an important participant in genetic processes that affect the health of future offspring. Phytosterols, vitamin B6 and polyunsaturated acids normalize the balance of female hormones, minimizing the risk of developing female infertility, fibrotic diseases of the mammary glands, and ovarian diseases. Beta-sitosterol contained in mustard oil is included in most drugs used for the prevention and treatment of diseases of the male genital area such as prostatitis, prostate adenoma, and prostate cancer.
The use of mustard oil in cosmetology and dermatology
Due to the high content of phytosterols, beneficially affecting the hormonal background, "vitamins of youth" E and A, polyunsaturated fatty acids, bactericidal substances (chlorophyll, phytoncides), which activates the cutaneous circulation of synegrin glycoside [ what?], mustard oil has been successfully used in cosmetology for many years as a face and body skin care product.
When applied, mustard oil is quickly and deeply absorbed into the skin, contributing to active nourishment, softening, cleansing and moisturizing the skin, and also perfectly protects the skin from the appearance of wrinkles and premature aging associated with a deficiency of female sex hormones or excessive exposure to ultraviolet rays.
Mustard oil is well known [ to whom?] in home cosmetology as a strengthening and revitalizing agent for hair (regular topical application of mustard oil by rubbing it into the scalp and applying to the hair helps prevent hair loss and premature graying). And due to its "warming", locally irritating property, mustard oil is often used in a variety of massage oils.
Contraindications to the use of mustard oil
Individual intolerance to individual components of the product. People suffering from myocardial diseases should consult a qualified and competent cardiologist before using mustard oil. Mustard oil should be taken with caution in case of gastritis with high acidity, enterocolitis, stomach and duodenal ulcers. In people with sensitive skin, topical application of mustard oil in some cases can cause allergic reactions.
Uses of Mustard Oil in India
The raw seed oil has a strong cabbage-like odor and a pungent pungent taste. It is widely used in food preparation in Gujarat, Orissa, Benglala, Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Assam and other parts of India and Bangladesh. In northern India, it is mainly used in frying pancakes. The seed oil content is about 30%. Oil is produced from different types: from black mustard(Brassica nigra), brown mustard (Brassica juncea), and white mustard (Brassica hirta).
Fats of other agricultural animals- Reindeer fat Goat fat Nutrient fat
Wild animal fats- Badger fat Mink oil Dog fat Bear fat| From seed | Grape seed oil Cherry seed oil Wheat germ oil Rice bran oil Milk thistle oil Apricot oil |
The invention relates to the food industry. In the production of mustard powder, mustard seeds are cleaned, conditioned according to the moisture content and size of the seeds, they are brought down, and the shells are separated from the kernel. The kernels are crushed to the following fractional composition, wt%: halves of kernels not more than 15, passing through a one-millimeter sieve not less than 85, whole kernels are absent. Moisture-heat treatment is carried out with live steam to a moisture content of 10%, then it is dried to a moisture content of 4-5%, bringing the temperature of the pulp to 100-115 o C. Pressing, the cake is crushed, during grinding, 5-7% of white mustard seeds are additionally introduced, or 5-7 % yellow mustard, or 5-10% of a mixture of white and yellow mustard seeds in a 1: 1 ratio of the mass of the cake and sieved. This produces a mustard powder of controlled pungency. 1 tab.
The invention relates to the oil and fat industry and relates to methods for the production of mustard powder. A well-known technological process for the production of mustard powder includes the following operations: cleaning mustard seeds, conditioning seeds by moisture and size, dehulling them, separating the shell from the kernel, crushing it, moisture-heating treatment, pressing, crushing the cake and sifting to separate the powder (see Technology Guide obtaining and processing vegetable oils and fats. L., 1960, vol. I, pp. 256, 265), taken as a prototype. However, the mustard powder obtained by this method quickly loses its qualities: the characteristic pungent taste and pungency, which are necessary in the manufacture of ready-made mustard and mustard plasters. at a high temperature of pressing and squeezing oil, the myrosinase enzyme is inactivated, which promotes the hydrolysis of sinigrin and the formation of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), which gives mustard powder its specific properties. The problem that was solved when creating the invention is to obtain mustard powder with desired properties. The technical result is to obtain mustard powder of controlled pungency, i.e. with controlled content of allyl isothiocyanate. The specified technical result in the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that in the known method for the production of mustard powder, the grinding of the core is carried out to a fractional composition, wt.%:
Kernel halves - No more than 15
Passage through a one-millimeter sieve - no more than 85
Whole Kernels - None
Moisture-thermal processing of the kernel is carried out with live steam to a moisture content of 10%, then it is dried to a moisture content of 4-5%, bringing the temperature of the pulp to 100-115 o C, and when grinding the cake, 5-7% of white mustard seeds, or 5-7% of seeds are additionally introduced yellow mustard, or 5-10% of a mixture of seeds of white and yellow mustard in a 1: 1 ratio of the mass of cake. Crushing the nucleus to the specified fractional composition allows achieving the most complete destruction of the cellular structure of the nucleus, which contributes to better oil extraction during pressing. Mustard seeds contain the thioglucoside sinigrin and the enzyme myrosinase; in the presence of water, hydrolysis of sinigrin occurs and allyl mustard oil is formed, which determines the pungent taste of mustard. By treating the seed kernels with live steam and increasing the temperature to 100-115 o C, the yield of fatty oil is increased by 2-3% due to a more complete opening of the seed cells and a decrease in the viscosity of the oil. But at the same time, the myrosinase enzyme is inactivated, and the hydrolysis of sinigrin with the release of allyl isothiocyanate does not proceed completely, as a result of which the mustard powder loses its characteristic properties: pungency and pungent taste. The addition of whole mustard seeds to the cake at the grinding stage in an amount of 5-10% of the cake mass, in which the myrosinase enzyme is retained in its native state, makes it possible to hydrolyze sinigrin more fully and obtain a given amount of AITC and, accordingly, control the degree of pungency of the final product, i.e. ... powder. In the claimed method, it is possible to obtain the content of AITC from 0.67 to 1.20% in terms of absolutely dry matter. The method is carried out as follows. Mustard seeds on separators are cleaned of foreign impurities and mineral debris, metal impurities are removed using magnets installed before and after the separators. The moisture content of seeds entering production should be 6.5 - 7.0%. After cleaning, the seeds are calibrated in size on sieves or on separators. Hulling of mustard seeds is carried out on roller machines, after which the kernel is separated from the husk on aspiration groats. For normal preparation for pressing, seed kernels are crushed on four-roller rollers to a fractional composition, wt%:
Halves of kernels - No more than 15
Whole Kernels - None
The crushed kernels are fed into the first vat of the roaster, where they are steamed with live steam to bring the moisture content to 10%. Partial hydrolysis of sinigrin is in progress. In 2 lower vats of the brazier, the pulp is dried to 4-5% humidity and heated to a temperature of 115 o C, the enzyme myrosinase is inactivated. After pressing, mustard cake with partially reacted sinigrin and partially inactivated myrosinase is fed for grinding on five-roll machines VS-5, followed by separation of the powder on sieves. Partial inactivation of the enzyme myrosinase is replenished by adding 5-7% of white or yellow mustard seeds to the cake at the grinding stage, or 5-10% of a mixture of white and yellow mustard seeds in a 1: 1 ratio of the cake mass. The allyl isothiocyanate content in the powder is controlled by varying the amount of whole seeds fed. The research results are summarized in the table.
CLAIM
A method for the production of mustard powder, including cleaning mustard seeds, conditioning according to the moisture content and size of seeds, crumbling them, separating the shell from the kernel, grinding it, moisture-heat treatment, pressing, grinding the cake and sifting, characterized in that the kernel is ground to a fractional composition, wt .%:Halves of kernels - No more than 15
Passage through a one-millimeter sieve - Not less than 85
Whole Kernels - None
Moisture-thermal treatment is carried out with live steam to a moisture content of 10%, then it is dried to a moisture content of 4 - 5%, bringing the temperature of the pulp to 100 - 115 o C, and when grinding the cake, 5 - 7% of white mustard seeds, or 5 - 7% of yellow mustard seeds are additionally introduced mustard, or 5 - 10% of a mixture of seeds of white and yellow mustard in a ratio of 1: 1 by weight of the cake.
The topic of our article today will be one of the most famous and popular spices almost all over the world. powder is well known to man for a long time. It should be noted that such popularity is associated not only with excellent taste, but also with unique medicinal properties.
Translated from the ancient Indian language, the name of this spice means “warming”, “destroying leprosy”. There is documentary evidence that mustard was widely used in folk medicine in ancient Rome and Greece at the beginning of our era.
A little about the history of the plant
It is believed that the homeland of mustard is Eastern China. From here the spice was brought to India, and even later it "moved" to Asia and Southern Europe. The first gray mustard appeared in Russia as a weed that was accidentally brought from Asian countries to the Lower Volga region along with imported flax and millet.
Mustard oil, the beneficial properties and contraindications of which a person studied gradually, was already supplied from Great Britain to the table of Catherine II in the 8th century. It was made from the best varieties of mustard and was one of the Empress's favorite delicacies.
It is for this reason that at the end of the 17th century, the history of the cultivation of blue mustard began in Russia, which today is more than 250 years old. Mustard oil began to be developed from its best varieties. Useful properties and contraindications of this plant began to be studied by Russian scientists.
In 1765, Catherine II issued a decree, according to which the settlement of Sarepta was created in the south of the Saratov province - a special colony of immigrants from Germany, whom the empress invited to develop the lands of the Volga region.
One of the inhabitants of this settlement, Konrad Neitz, after many years of experimentation, managed to breed a mustard variety that was distinguished by excellent taste. His find has survived to this day and is known to many as a special variety -
In 1801, this tireless breeder (Konrad Neitz) obtained mustard oil from the seeds of the mustard he had grown with the help of a hand mill. Its original taste was appreciated by Emperor Alexander in 1810.
In 1810, the manual production of oil was technically improved, and it began to be produced on an industrial scale. Therefore, this year is considered the beginning of the history of mustard oil production in our country.
Mustard oil: composition
Today, three types of white and gray (Sarapet) are common. The white spice has a delicate, piquant taste. Black mustard is very tart and spicy, somewhat like horseradish. The most common and familiar to the adults of our country is gray mustard, since it is from its seeds that table mustard is made.
This valuable vegetable oil contains many active substances necessary for the human body (vitamins (A, E, D, B6, B3, B4, P, K,), polyunsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols, phytoncides, chlorophyll, essential mustard oil, glycosides, etc. .).
The composition of mustard oil contains linolenic acid (Omega-6 group) and linolenic acid, similar in properties to the substances contained in the combination, these fatty acids stabilize:
- work of the heart and blood vessels, do not allow the development of atherosclerosis, prevent deposits in blood vessels of cholesterol plaques, reduce blood viscosity and improve the elasticity of blood vessels;
- restore fat metabolism, improve the digestive tract;
- maintain hormonal balance, improve the functions of the nervous, endocrine and reproductive systems;
- strengthen the immune system;
- neutralize toxins, slags, radionuclides, heavy metal salts.
Vitamins
Mustard oil contains vitamin E. Its amount significantly exceeds the content in sunflower oil.
It has anti-inflammatory, immuno-strengthening, anti-aging and wound healing properties. Vitamin E effectively lowers cholesterol levels, normalizes blood clotting, preventing the formation of blood clots.
Vitamin D contained in mustard oil, helps maintain normal levels of calcium and phosphorus in the blood - macronutrients that are essential for bone growth.
Vitamin B6 important in metabolic processes - carbohydrate, fat, water-salt, protein. It regulates the amount of sugar and cholesterol in the blood, takes an active part in the formation of hemoglobin.
Vitamin B3 required by the human body for energy metabolism. He is "responsible" for the work of the brain and nervous system, is indispensable for the proper functioning of the digestive system .
Choline (vitamin B4) is part of lecithin (an important component of nerve fibers and brain cells). This component of mustard oil not only has a beneficial effect on the state of the nervous system, but also synthesizes phospholipids - substances that protect the liver from fatty infiltration.
Oil application
Mustard oil has been widely used for many centuries. Its useful properties and contraindications have been well studied today. This unique substance has found wide application in cooking, its properties are used in traditional and folk medicine. In addition, cosmetologists and dermatologists use it successfully in their fields. In this article, we will show you how mustard oil can help in certain situations.
Application in cosmetology and dermatology
Scientists have shown that this oil can improve the function of the epithelium of the skin and mucous membranes. Mustard is used in the form of cosmetic masks for diseases such as acne (acne), seborrhea, allergic and pustular lesions, atopic dermatitis, herpes, lichen, psoriasis, mycoses, eczema.
Mustard oil: recipes (cosmetic)
For people with problem skin, a mask using mustard oil will help. Saturate napkins with it, after mixing it with other oils, such as almond, and apply them to problem areas twice a day. With this mask it is better to lie down for half an hour and then wash it off with warm water.
For combination skin, the mask is done according to the same principle, but using either pure oil, or mixed in equal proportions with peach oil.
The mask for aging skin consists of one tablespoon of mustard oil and essential oils of rose and mint, orange (one drop each).
All women dream that their hands are always beautiful and well-groomed. This can be achieved by bathing in warm mustard oil once a week.
This infusion will help you get rid of dandruff:
- 100 grams of oil;
- 60 grams of nettle roots (dried).
Put this mixture in a water bath for thirty minutes. After that, the composition is infused for fourteen days. Then it can be filtered and thoroughly rubbed into the scalp every other day.
We treat hair
It's no secret that every woman strives for perfection. Beautiful and healthy hair is an important part of a perfect look. When any problems arise (hair loss, for example), we try to fix them as quickly as possible.
Mustard oil, the beneficial properties and contraindications of which are now well known to dermatologists, has a beneficial effect on the scalp and hair. Regular use of this oil in hair care prevents the appearance and strengthens the hair, is an effective prevention of hair loss and breakage.
Mustard is able to neutralize the effects of toxins, toxins, radionuclides on the human body, which, in turn, has a positive effect on the condition of the hair.
Early gray hair mask
You will need:
- 50 g of chopped nettle rhizomes;
- 100 g of mustard oil.
Heat the composition in a water bath for seven minutes. Then place it in a glass jar with a tight-fitting lid and leave to infuse for seven days in a dark place.
After that, strain the oil, squeeze the raw material well using cheesecloth. Rub the resulting composition into the hair roots two or three times a week (30 minutes before shampooing).
For hair growth
Mustard oil for hair will help you grow hair faster. To do this, in a container (preferably made of glass), mix natural honey (four tablespoons in liquid form), red hot pepper (a tablespoon) and mustard oil (two tablespoons).
The composition should be applied to the scalp, covered with plastic wrap (or a cap), wrapped in a towel and kept for forty minutes.
Wash off the mask with warm water without shampoo. This mustard oil mask has its own characteristics. When applying it, be extremely careful - do not let the composition get into your eyes. Do not get carried away - it is recommended to do the mask no more than twice a week. With regular use, hair length increases by three centimeters.
Mustard oil in folk medicine
Everyone knows that traditional medicine has long used mustard as a mustard plasters. How is this valuable substance used by traditional healers? We offer you several recipes.
Vitamin salad
This simple culinary dish will help saturate the body with vitamins, especially vitamin D. To prepare it, you will need spinach, any greens, vegetables that you like (fresh). Mustard oil will serve as a salad dressing. It will help the nutrients from vegetables and herbs to be fully absorbed.
For sight
Mustard oil, the price of which is quite affordable (from 180 to 200 rubles for 350 ml) is very useful for vision. Its effectiveness increases several times when used with blueberries and blueberries.
A glass of berries will require about 50 ml of oil. The berries are ground until a homogeneous mass is obtained and taken daily (on an empty stomach) one tablespoon. This remedy is extremely effective for night blindness, myopia.
For colds
For all viral diseases, it is useful to gargle with mustard oil. You can take it three times a day before meals. The intake rate is one teaspoon.
With gastritis, stomach ulcer
Traditional healers use this remedy to heal stomach ulcers. They advise taking a tablespoon of oil three times a day (30 minutes before meals).
We have not covered all the diseases for which mustard oil is used. You already know how to take it. Nevertheless, I would like to warn you that treatment (especially for internal diseases) can only be started after consulting your doctor.
Contraindications
Despite the huge number of useful properties, mustard oil also has contraindications. The most common ones are:
- individual intolerance;
- myocardial diseases;
- acidity gastritis;
- enterocolitis.
It should be noted that people with sensitive skin sometimes complain of allergic reactions when using mustard oil externally.
Mustard oil: reviews
Many positive reviews receive hair masks using mustard oil. Women note that masks are prepared easily and quickly, and the effect appears very quickly - the hair becomes healthier, stronger, and hair loss stops.
The oil used for cosmetic purposes deserves no less kind words. According to reviews, it is very effective for acne, herpes, seborrhea, dermatitis.
Readers note that mustard oil as a salad dressing contributes to weight loss and normalization of stools, and it also tastes very good.
Mustard oil is produced by cold pressing of seeds with gray (sarepta) or white and black mustard varieties. This method of production eliminates the use of temperatures over 50 degrees, which prevents thermal decomposition of raw materials and helps to preserve in the final product most of the valuable substances, such as amino acids, enzymes and numerous vitamins.
Mustard oil is produced by cold pressing of seeds with gray (sarepta) or white and black mustard varieties
From different types of mustard seeds, you can get from 35 to 47% of the final product, which will have a different taste and smell. The oil, which is produced from the seeds of black mustard, is distinguished by its light yellow color and richness of the characteristic aroma and taste. This product was known in antiquity and was widely used by representatives of European cultures for treatment, cooking and soap production.
The oil, which is made from white mustard, has a yellow color and a pungent taste, has gained wide popularity in China for its healing properties. It was called "warming" and was often used to treat leprosy.
Sarepta mustard is the "youngest" among other types. Its cultivation began only in the 18th century in Russia. The oil made from mustard seeds of this variety is considered the most fragrant and is often used in the baking industry, for home preservation, as well as in cosmetology.
History of appearance in Russia
In Russia, or rather in the Lower Volga region, mustard seeds were brought in by accident. They "sailed" along the Volga along with millet and flax imported from Asian countries.
For a long time, mustard was considered a weed plant. In those days, mustard oil, made from the best varieties, was specially supplied from England for Catherine II. It was with this passion of the Russian empress that the history of the production of this product began.
The village of Sarepta was founded in 1765 by order of Catherine II as a colonial settlement for immigrants from Germany, who were called by the empress to help in the development of the steppes. One of the talented farmers, Konrad Neitz, through selection experiments, bred a special variety of mustard - gray, which quickly gained popularity due to its high taste. This variety later became known as "Sarepta mustard" after the settlement of Sarepta.
Only in 1810, when the demand for mustard oil increased, the artisanal production process was technically improved and the product began to be manufactured on an industrial scale. Since then, the Sarepta mustard variety has been considered the best raw material in the world for the production of high quality butter.
In Russia, or rather in the Lower Volga region, mustard seeds were brought by accident
What are the beneficial properties?
Mustard oil is a valuable vegetable food product with a rich composition, which contains components necessary for the normal functioning of the human body. The calorie content is due to the high fat content and the complete absence of proteins and carbohydrates. Modern varieties contain a lot of fatty acids:
- linolenic acid - 14%;
- linoleic acid - 32%;
- eicosanic acid - from 7 to 14%;
- oleic acid - from 22 to 30%;
- erucic acid - up to 2%.
In addition to fatty acids, this product contains a wide range of vitamins: B3, B4, B6, E, K, A, P, D, F, as well as phytosterols, glycosides, chlorophyll, phytoncides, essential mustard oil.
Polyunsaturated acids such as linoleic acid (belonging to the Omega-6 family) and linolenic acid (belonging to the Omega-3 family), which are similar in their effect, are found in mustard oil in fairly large quantities. Together, these acids are capable of:
- improve the work of the cardiovascular system: increase the elasticity of blood vessels, prevent the formation of cholesterol plaques, etc.;
- improve the functions of the digestive tract and normalize fat metabolism;
- stabilize hormones, improve the functioning of the nervous and endocrine systems;
- strengthen the body's defenses;
- remove from the body toxins formed as a result of negative influences.
Vitamin A is primarily an antioxidant that helps to strengthen the immune system, improves the functioning of the organs of vision and promotes the renewal of epithelial cells of the skin and mucous membranes.
Vitamin E - mustard oil contains several times more of it than sunflower oil. It has anti-inflammatory, wound healing, rejuvenating effects. It also prevents blood clots, increases in blood cholesterol. Strengthens the vascular walls and capillary membranes, prevents oxygen starvation of the myocardium. It has a positive effect on reproductive function.
Vitamin D helps maintain adequate levels of calcium and phosphorus, and helps to normalize the thyroid gland. It is used as a prophylactic agent for certain skin diseases, including cancer.
Vitamins B3 and B4 - these components improve the functioning of brain cells and nerve fibers. In addition, vitamin B6 regulates the digestive tract and is an important link in the synthesis of sex hormones. B4 improves mental processes and participates in the synthesis of phospholipids, which are responsible for fat metabolism in liver tissues.
Vitamin B6 is an important link in all metabolic processes, it influences the functioning of the nervous system as an antidepressant of natural origin. Supports female reproductive function by normalizing hormonal balance.
Vitamin K helps the absorption of calcium by bone tissue, has anti-hemorrhagic properties.
Phytosterols burn harmful cholesterol, have antibacterial and antitumor effects. They have a beneficial effect on the skin.
Phytoncides, synergin, chlorophylls, essential mustard oil - these components in the complex have pronounced antibacterial and antitumor properties, have a positive effect on the work of all body systems.
Mustard oil is a valuable vegetable food product with a rich composition
Essential mustard oil in pure undiluted form is not used, as it is known for its poisonous and dangerous properties, therefore, the benefits of its use can be felt only by using a 2% solution of alcohol (mustard alcohol).
As such, this product is locally irritating and distracting, which increases blood flow to the site of application. It is used for rheumatic diseases in the form of rubbing, as well as for colds along with mustard plasters.
Essential mustard oil is obtained from seeds that have been defatted. It has three main components: allyl mustard and crotonyl mustard oils and traces of carbon disulfide.
Essential mustard oil is used as a 2% alcohol solution (mustard alcohol)
Mustard oil. Nutritional value of 100 g of product |
|||
| Squirrels | 0.00 | G | |
| Fats | 100.00 | G | |
| Carbohydrates | 0.00 | G | |
| Dietary fiber, fiber | 0.0 | G | |
Mustard oil. Calorie content. Energy value of 100 g of product |
|||
| Calorie content | 884 | kcal / g | |
| Calorie content | 3699 | kJ / g | |
Mustard oil. Chemical composition of 100 g of product |
|||
| Water | 0.00 | G | |
| Ash | 0.00 | G | |
| Macronutrients | |||
| Potassium | 0 | mg | |
| Calcium | 0 | mg | |
| 0 | mg | ||
| Sodium | 0 | mg | |
| 0 | mg | ||
| Trace elements | |||
| 0.00 | mg | ||
| 0.000 | mg | ||
| 0.000 | mg | ||
| 0.0 | mcg | ||
| 0.00 | mg | ||
Mustard oil. Vitamin content per 100 g of product |
|||
| Vitamin A | |||
| Vitamin A (in international units) | 0 | IU | |
| Vitamin A (equivalent to retinol activity) | 0 | RAE | |
| Vitamin A1 (retinol) | 0 | mcg | |
| Vitamins of group B | |||
| 0.000 | mg | ||
| Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) | 0.000 | mg | |
| Vitamin B3 (PP, niacin, nicotinic acid) | 0.000 | mg | |
| Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid, calcium pantothenate) | 0.000 | mg | |
| 0.000 | mg | ||
| 0 | mcg | ||
| Folate (derived from folate) | 0 | mcg | |
| Vitamin C | |||
| Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) | 0.0 | mg | |
| Vitamin D | |||
| Vitamin E | |||
| Vitamin K | |||
Mustard oil. Fatty acids per 100 g of product |
|||
| Saturated fatty acids | |||
| Tetradecanoic acid | 1.388 | G | |
| Palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid | 3.750 | G | |
| Octadecanoic (stearic) acid | 1.119 | G | |
| Unsaturated fatty acids | |||
| Monounsaturated fatty acids (total) | 59.187 | G | |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acids (total) | 21.230 | G | |
| According to USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS) Release 24, September 2011 |
|||
Mustard oil- oil produced from mustard seeds. Mustard seeds, like all cruciferous seeds, including (rapeseed) and turnip, contain an exceptionally high amount of omega-3 (6-11%) and, for the most part, are a cheap and readily available source of these vegetable acids (i.e. vegetarian ), which is extremely beneficial for the heart due to the omega-3 family of acids.
Mustard oil, which is a valuable edible vegetable oil, has a high content of biologically active substances necessary for the human body every day (vitamins (E, A, D, B3, B6, B4, K, P), polyunsaturated fatty acids (vitamin F), phytosterols, chlorophyll , phytoncides, glycosides, essential mustard oil, etc.).
The composition of mustard oil contains a significant amount of linoleic acid (belonging to the Omega-6 group) and linolenic acid, which is similar in its effect on the human body to the polyunsaturated Omega-3 acids contained in flaxseed oil or fish oil. When combined, these two essential fatty acids contribute to:
Well-coordinated work of the cardiovascular system (prevent the development of atherosclerosis, preventing the deposition of cholesterol plaques in the blood vessels, reduce blood viscosity and increase the elasticity of blood vessels) normalize fat metabolism, improve the function of the digestive system, maintain normal hormonal balance, improve the functions of the reproductive, nervous and endocrine systems; strengthen immunity to neutralize the harmful effects of toxins, toxins, radionuclides, salts of heavy metals on the human body Mustard oil contains the antioxidant vitamin A, which greatly helps to strengthen the immune system and the full development of the human body, and also has a beneficial effect on the state of the organs of vision, improves the functions of the skin epithelium and mucous membranes.
Of the fat-soluble vitamins, vitamin E also occupies an important place in mustard oil (in terms of its content, mustard oil is several times higher than sunflower oil). Possessing immuno-strengthening, anti-inflammatory, wound healing and rejuvenating properties, vitamin E helps to reduce blood cholesterol levels, normalizes blood clotting (thereby preventing the formation of blood clots), helps to strengthen the walls of blood vessels and capillaries, protects the heart from the consequences associated with a deficiency of magnesium and oxygen. In addition, vitamin E, which is part of mustard oil, plays a key role in the functioning of the reproductive system and is an important participant in processes related to reproductive function.
Mustard oil is also an excellent source of vitamin D (this fat-soluble vitamin is 1.5 times more in mustard oil than in sunflower oil). Vitamin D contributes to the maintenance of normal levels of phosphorus and calcium in the blood - macronutrients necessary for full growth and strengthening of bone tissue (it is the sufficient content of vitamin D in the human body that is the best prevention of rickets and osteoporosis). Vitamin D contained in mustard oil also enhances immunity, improves the functioning of the thyroid gland, prevents the onset and development of certain cardiovascular and skin diseases, is often used as part of the prevention and complex therapy of multiple sclerosis and a number of oncological diseases (leukemia, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, prostate gland, brain).
Mustard oil contains vitamin B6, and also promotes the synthesis of this vitamin by the intestinal microflora. Vitamin B6 plays an important role in various metabolic processes (fat, carbohydrate, protein, water-salt metabolism), regulates cholesterol and blood sugar, participates in the formation of hemoglobin, improves the functioning of the central and peripheral nervous system (vitamin B6 is a natural depressant). And besides, this component of mustard oil, often called the "female" vitamin, helps to maintain normal hormonal balance and has a beneficial effect on the female reproductive system.
Vitamin B3 (PP), which is a part of mustard oil, is necessary for the implementation of energy metabolism in the human body. It regulates the functions of the brain and nervous system, is necessary for the proper functioning of the digestive system, is an important participant in the synthesis of sex hormones
Mustard oil is also very rich in choline (vitamin B4), which is found in lecithin, an important constituent of brain cells and nerve fibers. This component of mustard oil not only has a beneficial effect on the state of the nervous system and improves the mental abilities of a person, but also participates in the synthesis of phospholipids by the body - substances that prevent fatty liver infiltration.
The composition of mustard oil is also characterized by a high content of biologically active substances of phytosterols ("plant hormones"). Phytosterols have bactericidal and antitumor properties, help to reduce the level of "harmful" cholesterol in the blood, and improve the condition of the skin. In official medicine, "plant hormones" are often used as part of the complex treatment of diseases of the prostate gland, oncological, endocrine, and cardiovascular diseases.
Mustard oil also contains a large amount of phytoncides, chlorophylls, isothiocyanates, synegrin, essential mustard oil - substances with powerful bactericidal and antitumor properties. In a complex combination, these components of mustard oil are the best way to improve the functions of the cardiovascular, digestive, endocrine systems, and the respiratory systems of the human body.
Modern varieties of Sarepta mustard make it possible to obtain oil without erucic acid or with a low content of it (up to 2%) and with a total content of oleic and linoleic acids up to 82%.
The use of mustard oil in medicine
For many centuries, mustard oil has been successfully used not only as a valuable dietary food product, but also finds various applications as a multifunctional therapeutic and prophylactic agent. Very rich in vitamins, natural "antibiotics", biologically active substances, mustard oil has a wide range of useful properties (bactericidal, antiviral, anthelmintic, immunostimulating, decongestant, antitumor, wound healing, antiseptic, etc.).
The benefits of mustard oil for the digestive system. Mustard oil improves appetite and actively stimulates the digestive process (B vitamins and other substances that make up this product, enhance the secretory and motor function of the gastrointestinal tract, increase the functional activity of the liver and pancreas). Mustard oil contains a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (vitamin F) and choline (vitamin B4) - substances that stimulate the process of bile secretion and contribute to the normalization of fat metabolism in the liver. That is why mustard oil is useful to regularly eat for the prevention and complex treatment of cholelithiasis, fatty liver disease, cholecystitis, hepatitis, cirrhosis. Mustard oil, in addition, is well known in folk medicine as an effective antihelminthic agent, which is used in the treatment and prevention of various helminthiases (ascariasis, enterobiasis, trichocephalosis, opisthorchiasis, etc.)
Mustard oil improves blood composition and cardiovascular function. Mustard oil contains in its composition a whole complex of substances that reduce capillary permeability, help to strengthen and increase the elasticity of blood vessels (vitamins E, P, F (polyunsaturated fatty acids)). The same components of mustard oil protect the circulatory system from the onset and development of inflammatory processes. Mustard oil is useful for the prevention and as part of the complex treatment of hypertension - after all, the complex of vitamins E, K, F, P, B3, D contained in this product helps to normalize the level of blood pressure and is "responsible" for the correct regulation of blood clotting. In addition, regular consumption of mustard oil is very effective for prevention and complex treatment (phytosterols contained in mustard oil and a complex of vitamins E, F, B3, B6 reliably protect blood vessels from deposits on their walls of "bad" cholesterol). Mustard oil is also a source of substances that are actively involved in the synthesis of hemoglobin (chlorophyll, vitamins E and B6), and therefore the introduction of this product into the diet is especially useful for the prevention and complex treatment of anemia (anemia).
Mustard oil is an effective remedy for the treatment of the effects of injuries, diseases of muscles and joints. Due to the synegrin glycoside, mustard oil, when applied externally, has an irritating, warming effect on the skin, helping to improve local blood circulation at the site of the inflammatory process. In addition, this vegetable oil has bactericidal, decongestant and antitumor properties. And that is why mustard oil has long been a traditional component of most medicinal ointments and creams for the treatment of gout, arthritis, polyarthritis, lumbago, myositis, rheumatism, sciatica. When rubbed into the skin, mustard oil also helps to relieve tension in muscles and ligaments (due to this property, this oil is often used by athletes after intense physical exertion). Well, in addition, due to its disinfecting and antiseptic effect, mustard oil is in folk medicine a famous remedy for the treatment of cuts and other traumatic skin lesions.
The health benefits of mustard oil for women and children. The complex of vitamins A, E and F included in mustard oil is necessary for the full development of the embryo in the body of a pregnant woman, for the successful course of the entire period of pregnancy and reducing the risk of complications during childbirth. Vitamin E and chlorophyll contained in mustard oil actively enhance lactation in breastfeeding women, and also significantly improve the taste of mother's milk. Regular consumption of mustard oil, which contains a whole range of substances that have a beneficial effect on the hormonal balance of the female body (phytosterols, vitamins E, F, D, B6), is especially useful for women who can hardly tolerate painful symptoms of premenstrual or menopause. The introduction of mustard oil, rich in phytosterols, vitamins D and K, into the diet will also help prevent the onset and development of osteoporosis (bone tissue disease), a serious complication of menopause associated with a deficiency of sex hormones in the female body. Mustard oil can also be recommended as an additive to baby food - after all, this vegetable oil is a good source of choline and B vitamins, which are involved in the formation of a child's brain and nervous system, and is very rich in vitamins A and D, which are necessary for the full growth of a child's body.
The influence of mustard oil on the functions of the male and female genital area. Mustard oil contains a complex of substances that improve sexual and reproductive function in both men and women (beta-sitosterol, vitamins E, B3, B6). In particular, vitamin E plays a key role in the process of sperm formation and is an important participant in genetic processes that affect the health of future offspring. Phytosterols, vitamin B6 and polyunsaturated acids normalize the balance of female hormones, minimizing the risk of developing female infertility, fibrotic diseases of the mammary glands, and ovarian diseases. Beta-sitosterol contained in mustard oil is included in most drugs used for the prevention and treatment of male genital diseases such as prostatitis and prostate cancer.