What kind of substance is c2h5oh. Molar mass of ethyl alcohol
Ethanol is considered to be a typical representative of monohydric alcohols; it is often called wine, ethyl or simply alcohol. V international classification food additives ethanol is registered under the E1510 code and belongs to the group of additional substances.
Chemical formula C 2 H 5 OH or CH 3 -CH 2 -OH.
In small quantities, it "works" in the human body as a natural metabolite, but even in these cases, it should be remembered that ethanol is a depressant that depressing the human nervous system. Ethanol has narcotic and toxic properties, which is expressed in the ability to cause stupor, insensitivity to pain, agitation. Ethanol is a strong carcinogen, excessive use ethyl alcohol and products containing it, leads to gastritis, stomach ulcers, cancer of the esophagus and stomach, cirrhosis of the liver and exacerbation of cardiovascular diseases. The most common alcohol-related illnesses are alcoholism and clinical depression.
V Food Industry E1510 is used for the manufacture of spirits (, etc.) and without alcoholic beverages obtained by the fermentation method (,). It is used as a solvent for food flavorings, as a preservative in production confectionery and baking bread.
Ethanol is also used in medicine - as a drying and disinfecting, cooling and warming agent; in the perfumery industry - as a universal solvent for the production of perfumes and cosmetics; in the chemical industry - for the manufacture of detergents.
Use of E1510 in Russia
On the territory of the Russian Federation, the use of E1510 Ethanol is allowed as food additive in quantities strictly regulated by SanPin.
DEFINITION
Ethyl alcohol (ethanol)- a complex substance of organic nature. Representative of the homologous series of monohydric alcohols.
The structure of the benzene molecule is shown in Fig. 1. Under normal conditions, it is a colorless volatile liquid with a characteristic odor and pungent taste. It mixes up with water and various organic solvents, and also dissolves many substances (more often of an organic nature) itself.
Rice. 1. The structure of the ethyl alcohol molecule.
The gross formula of ethyl alcohol is C 2 H 5 OH. As you know, the molecular weight of a molecule is equal to the sum of the relative atomic masses of the atoms that make up the molecule (the values of the relative atomic masses taken from the Periodic Table of D.I.Mendeleev, rounded to whole numbers).
Mr (C 2 H 5 OH) = 2 x Ar (C) + 6 x Ar (H) + Ar (O);
Mr (C 2 H 5 OH) = 2 × 12 + 6 × 1 + 16 = 24 + 6 + 16 = 46.
Molar mass (M) is the mass of 1 mol of a substance. It is easy to show that the numerical values of the molar mass M and the relative molecular mass M r are equal, but the first quantity has the dimension [M] = g / mol, and the second is dimensionless:
M = N A × m (1 molecule) = N A × M r × 1 amu = (N A × 1 amu) × M r = × M r.
It means that the molar mass of ethyl alcohol is 46 g / mol.
Examples of problem solving
EXAMPLE 1
| Exercise | Calculate what mass of water will be obtained if 16 g of oxygen have entered into a reaction with hydrogen? |
| Solution | Let us write the equation for the reaction of the interaction of hydrogen with oxygen: 2H 2 + O 2 = 2H 2 O. Let's calculate the amount of oxygen by the formula: n (O 2) = m (O 2) / M (O 2). To do this, it is necessary to indicate the molar mass of oxygen (the value of the relative atomic mass, taken from the Periodic Table of D.I.Mendeleev, will be rounded to an integer). As you know, the molar mass of a molecule is equal to the sum of the relative atomic masses of the atoms that make up the molecule (M = Mr): M (O 2) = 2 × Ar (O) = 2 × 16 = 32 g / mol. Then, the amount of oxygen will be equal to: n (O 2) = 16/32 = 0.5 mol. According to the reaction equation n (O 2): n (H 2 O) = 2: 2, it means: n (H 2 O) = n (O 2) = 0.5 mol. Let us find the molar mass of water (the assumption indicated when calculating the molar mass of oxygen is valid in this case): M (H 2 O) = 2 × Ar (H) + Ar (O) = 2 × 1 + 16 = 2 +16 = 18 g / mol. Let's determine the mass of water: m (H 2 O) = n (H 2 O) × M (H 2 O); m (H 2 O) = 0.5 × 16 = 8 g. |
| Answer | The mass of water is 8 g. |
EXAMPLE 2
| Exercise | Calculate what volume of oxygen (n.o.) is required to obtain sulfur (VI) oxide by the reaction with sulfur (IV) oxide weighing 6.4 g? |
| Solution | Let us write the equation for the reaction of the interaction of oxygen with sulfur (IV) oxide as a result of which sulfur oxide (VI) is formed: 2SO 2 + O 2 = 2SO 3. Let's calculate the amount of sulfur (IV) oxide substance according to the formula: n (SO 2) = m (SO 2) / M (SO 2). To do this, it is necessary to indicate the molar mass of sulfur oxide (IV (the value of the relative atomic mass taken from the Periodic Table of D.I. M = Mr): M (SO 2) = Ar (S) + 2 × Ar (O) = 32 + 2 × 16 = 32 + 32 = 64 g / mol. Then, the amount of sulfur oxide substance (IV will be equal to: n (SO 2) = 6.4 / 64 = 0.1 mol. According to the reaction equation n (SO 2): n (SO 3) = 2: 2, it means: n (SO 3) = n (SO 2) = 0.1 mol. Let us find the molar mass of sulfur oxide (VI) (the assumption indicated when calculating the molar mass of oxygen is valid in this case): M (SO 3) = Ar (S) + 3 × Ar (O) = 32 + 3 × 16 = 32 + 48 = 80 g / mol. Determine the mass of sulfur oxide (VI): m (SO 3) = n (SO 3) × M (SO 3); m (SO 3) = 0.1 × 80 = 8 g. |
| Answer | The mass of sulfur oxide (VI) is 8 g. |
All alcoholic products are of a specific composition based on ethyl alcohol, aromatic additives and coloring elements. Unlike quality products, the main substance in the surrogate is methanol, which has a strong toxic effect on the body. The ability to correctly determine whether methyl or ethyl alcohol is in the composition of alcoholic beverages will help save not only health, but also life.
Ethyl alcohol or ethanol is at the core of every alcoholic beverage, from beer to exotic drinks.
One of the most terrible alcohol poisoning is the use of methyl (technical) alcohol instead of ethyl (food) or medical
The scientific name for alcohol containing ethyl is ethanol. Its chemical formula is C2H5OH... This substance is considered psychoactive and is used as an antidepressant. Ethanol is mainly used in the following industries:
- Medicine. Alcohol-based solutions are used for disinfection.
- Production. The main raw material for the manufacture of solvents and similar products.
- Petroleum products. Ethanol is used to create fuels and lubricants.
The main difference between ethyl alcohol and methyl alcohol is that only organic products are used for its production. Ethanol is formed as a result of their fermentation, for which special yeast is used. The resulting solution goes through several stages of additional processing and distillation. After passing through all stages of filtration in the resulting solution, the ethanol content does not exceed twenty percent.
Methyl alcohol
The main active component of methyl alcohol is methanol. This composition has the chemical formula CH3OH, and at its core is a real poison. Its ingestion can lead to severe poisoning, as a result of which various pathologies develop, sometimes the use of methanol is fatal.
This monohydric alcohol is obtained by processing wood with formic acid and special substances. The composition is used as a chemical solvent. Very often, such a solution forms the basis of formaldehyde. The main difference in the action of these compounds on the body is that ethyl is much easier absorbed by the body. When methyl enters the esophagus, oxidation processes begin, which leads to the formation of harmful toxins.
The first organs that are exposed to the harmful effects of methyl are the eyes and the nervous system. Blindness is one of the main symptoms of drinking a low-quality alcoholic beverage.
The problem is that in taste, smell and color technical alcohol no different from food
How to tell the difference between ethyl alcohol
The use of low-quality alcoholic beverages does not lead to such destructive consequences as the use of methyl alcohol. At first glance, what is the difference between ethyl alcohol and methyl alcohol is rather difficult. Both of these formulations are identical in taste and color to the liquid.
Methanol is one of the strongest poisons known today. Its use depresses the nervous system and has a detrimental effect on blood vessels. When complications caused by the use of methyl are expressed on the visual organs, this leads to the fact that a person completely loses his vision. Reversing this process is very difficult. The use of methyl alcohol can provoke the following reactions:
- headache;
- a sharp deterioration in health;
- the appearance of pain in the abdomen;
- loss of orientation in time and space.
The use of a surrogate can cause short-term memory loss, dizziness and loss of consciousness. When the amount drunk exceeds one hundred grams, death is possible.
One of the ways to check for ethyl or methyl alcohol is to set fire to the drink. Ethyl alcohol burns with an even flame, which has a blue tint. In contrast, methyl has a green flame.
Usually methanol is found in solvents, antifreeze liquids and other products household chemicals that are not intended to be consumed internally
You can determine methanol in alcohol using ordinary potatoes. To do this, add a small piece of peeled root vegetable to a glass of liquid. Unfortunately, the oxidation process takes a certain period of time. However, as a result of this test, the potato may change its color. When a potato changes its color to a pale pink, this is an absolute sign of methyl content in the liquid.
One more chemical test solution can be made at home. It requires copper wire. It is heated to a reddening state over a fire, and then immediately dipped into a container with liquid. As a result of chemical processes, a pungent, unpleasant odor can appear. Its presence indicates that the mixture contains methanol. Ethyl behaves completely differently in these tests. The mixture begins to give off a subtle apple flavor.
A similar reaction can be achieved by another method. To do this, you need a small piece of cotton wool, which is thoroughly soaked in the solution, after the cotton wool absorbs the solution, it must be set on fire. As a result of the combustion process, the same specific smell is formed, with the help of which it is possible to determine the type of alcohol contained in the product.
How to identify methyl alcohol
Methyl alcohol is a highly toxic substance that belongs to the group of alcohols with a monohydric structure. To start pathological changes in the body, it is enough to consume ten milliliters of such a substance once. As a result of this effect on the body, the question of analyzing alcoholic beverages for methanol content takes on an important form for life. How to distinguish methyl alcohol from ethyl alcohol will be answered by any person with the necessary knowledge in the field of chemistry, but what a person should do when all the necessary laboratory equipment is not at hand.
Buy alcohol in trusted stores, where the risk of becoming a victim of counterfeiting is much lower than at dubious points of sale
One of the most dangerous factors of methyl alcohol is that it is completely identical in outward signs the composition contained in ethyl. Their main difference is the principle of action on the body. As a result of the action of methanol, acute poisoning with toxic substances occurs.
It is quite easy to distinguish one alcohol from another using any of the methods described above. But how to distinguish methyl alcohol from ethyl alcohol, if the product contains them in equal amounts or with a certain ratio. It should be noted right away that the use of such a product is extremely undesirable, and its tests can only be carried out in laboratory conditions. Carrying out such studies is the primary task for confirming or refuting the methanol content in ethyl alcohol.
To determine the amount and quality of alcohol contained in alcohol in laboratory conditions, special "iodoform" samples are used.
In addition, a technique is used by which methyl is converted into substances such as formaldehyde. For such an experiment, it is necessary to have a special test tube, the top of which contains a pipe for removing gases. Sulfuric acid with the addition of potassium permanganate is poured into such a test tube. These two substances react to form formaldehyde. Various influences on this substance lead to various reactions, which in most cases confirms the presence of methanol. At home, there remains the only method using copper wire.
Of course, checking the composition at home will not give one hundred percent result. Recently, mixtures have been widespread, where medical alcohol is used to mask the methyl. Such a composition may not show certain reactions to all manipulations.