Where the very first candy appeared. An exciting story of Russian sweets

One day, when my sister and I were still small, the parents were lucky for the New Year to the village. There we went to the forest with our uncle and saw that candy hangs right on the bushes. We did not understand then that this is a deck of joke, and for a long time were still confident that candy grows in the forest.

And then it turned out that they are made at special confectionery factories.

And we learned that there was a time when such factories did not exist at all. It turned out that once people did not even know how to do sugar. And we became very sorry for the ancient children, because we understood that without sugar tasty candy would not produce.

But we were explained that first candy appeared very long ago, in the east. And despite the lack of sugar, they were still sweet. Because they did them from dates and honey.

Learned to make candy and in ancient RussiaThey were cooked from maple syrup and honey.

Candy, similar to modern, already using sugar, began to produce in the XVI century in Italy. But, oddly enough, they were sold only in pharmacies and were intended exclusively for adults, because they were considered a very strong drug. And this, of course, was unfair to children.

Gradually, candy with sugar began to produce in other countries. Only there they were not sold in pharmacies, but in confectionery, glad and themselves, and children.

once count Arakcheev I made a reception in my palace and wished to treat the honorary guest, the emperor Paul I., so rare in those times with delicacy as chocolate candies. And suddenly it was discovered that the recently entered dish with sweets was completely empty. The angry graph imperceptibly left the dining room and arranged the interrogation servants. It turned out that as soon as the dish appeared on the table, noble guests began to break the candy on pockets and handbags. Allowed himself to do this even the emperor.

And it happened not only at the reception among Arakcheev. The fact is that factories for the production of candies in Russia At that time, there was still no. But there were small confectionery, in which talented people worked, inventing their own recipes for these sweets.

After receiving the Arakcheev, an advertisement appeared on the entrance to one of the St. Petersburg confectionery: "Our sweets are so good that they are stealing even from the count tables."

First Confectionery Factory It appeared in Russia only in the middle of the nineteenth century. Since then, noble guests have stopped stepping candy.

In 1563, Valua came to the Spanish Queen of Elizabeth, to congratulate her on his birthday. Darili, mostly jewelry. But the smile of joy appeared on her face only when she was presented to the box of chocolate Italian candy. Husband Elizabeth, Heinrich II, claimed:

Looks like dear, sweets you like more diamonds.

Queen replied:

Diamonds give me constantly, they are expensive, but you can buy them anywhere. And chocolate candies are so rare.

And joked:

In addition, they are much more delicious diamonds.

But today around the world, including in Russia, is sold so much sweets that the Spanish Queen would be very guys, they envy.

Bon Appetit! Eat candy on health. Only, if you do not want to spoil your teeth, do not really fond.

The history of the candy covers the geography of the whole globe. The word "candy" is translated from Latin as "cooked drug". The first confectioners appeared in ancient Egypt, where noble citizens have always been distinguished by love for culinary research: as Sugar was not yet known, they cooked sweets from honey and dates, in the east candy did from almonds and figs. In ancient Rome, the recipe for candies of nuts, poppies, honey and sesame kept in the strictest mystery, and in ancient Russia, candy was prepared from maple syrup, molasses and honey.

The French chronicle tells how the candy played the role of state importance at the court. In 1715, Chancellor won the location of the French king Louis XV, he presented to him in gratitude for the throne speech uttered in parliament ... a huge dish with candy! However, what else could you conquer the heart of the monarch, who was only five years old?!

In general, this sweet delicacy was popular in all centuries among all segments of the population. True, for a long time it was absolutely not available to ordinary people and was the privilege of a rich and noble estate.

The most unfair accused candy are chocolate. In the XVI century, in Europe, during the povelty chocolate, he was attributed to special magic and medical properties. Naturally, the expectations were not justified and then he was considered the source of literally all the troubles. Here is a letter of one young person to a friend: "I advise you no longer have chocolate. My friend ate him during pregnancy and gave birth to the light of a completely black child."

At the beginning of the XIX century, even the richest and most knowledgeable Russian baryni, being on the guilty receptions, tried to quietly stray in rediculous candy. It was explained by such obscene behavior simply: in Russia there were no confectionery factories, and each confectioner for each dinner dinner was preparing candy in his own prescription, which was kept in the strictest mystery.

Candies with strawberry filling are considered the romantic candies. So consider German psychologists. By the way, it is considered that taste addictions are directly dependent on the nature of a person: decisive people, for example, prefer a cherry stuffing, shy - nuts, and creative-coconut.

The most famous candy - pralines. Pralines were invented in 1663 and prepared specifically for the French ambassador in Germany. Praline still hold the record for sales in Germany and Switzerland.

According to the assessment of many experts, the best chocolate candies today are manufactured in France and Switzerland.

Three thousand years ago, sugar was not known to people, but it did not stop the first confirars. The basis of candies was honey. On the Middle East, dates were added to him, in Rome - nuts, poppies and sesides, in ancient Russia - maple syrup and a molasses.
But what are the candy without chocolate? The first references to cocoa beans are found in the times of civilization of Olmekov, who lived in 1500 BC in the territory of Mexico. The Maya and Aztec tribes began to use cocoa fruits to prepare a drink by hanging his divine force and counting the sacred. Gorky, viscous, with the aroma of herbs and spices - it was such a chocolate for the first time Christopher Columbus.
The Spanish Conqueror of Mexico Fernando Cortez was able to draw due attention to Cocoa fruits. In 1519, the leader of the Aztecs treated him with a cold thick drink from cocoa beans with vanilla, sharp pepper and spices in a golden bowl. He was allowed to drink exclusively noble men, shamans and soldiers. Fruits cocoa The local population used not only for a drink, but as a cash (for example, a slave could be bought for 100 beans).
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In 1527, Cortez arrives at home and brings not only cocoa beans, but also a recipe for cooking "Chocolatl", named as actek. Chocolate falls to the taste of local nobility led by the Spanish monarch and begins to be popular in houses of very wealthy people. Historian Fernandez de Oviedo-and-Waldes noted that the drink made of chocolate was so expensive that he was drinking to drink money.
In the XVI century, Europeans attributed to therapeutic and magical properties chocolate, considered a strong aphrodisiac.
Years, the recipe for making chocolate was changed: pepper disappeared from it, the ground nuts, honey, cinnamon, anise, began to drink hot, began to add. But it still remained a drink. And only in 1671, the chef of the Duke of Plesi Pranar prepared a new, original dessert to surprise his master. These were candies from grated almond, honey and chocolate. Later they began to be called Praline.
In France, according to chronicle sources, candy helped the Chancellor to win the location of the King Louis XV. After the throne speech, spoken by the king, he was presented with a dish with candy. He was delighted! The young monarch was not 6 years old.
The real revolution in the production of chocolate chocolates occurred in the XIX century and is associated with the name of Conrad van Houden. In 1828, it invents the hydraulic press that removes oil from cocoa beans. Cocoa powder, which remained in the press, was not very expensive and was well soluble in water and milk. Chocolate became solid when mixing cocoa butter, cocoa powder and hot water. Confectiones of Europe begin searching for shapes for its popular.

In 1839, the German Bowlster was able to get the first "figure" chocolate chocolates with the help of a wooden board-form from under gingerbread.
In 1868, Cadbury chocolate chocolate chocolates appear in England. Candy boxes released in honor of Valentine's Day in the shape of a heart were a popular gift. The ideological inspirer became confectioner Richard Cadbury, who developed the design of the boxes.
In 1875, Swiss Daniel Peter after eight years of experiments receives solid milk chocolate, adding dry milk to the number of components. In just 4 years, Henri Nestlé opens a factory for the production of inexpensive chocolate chocolates with a longer storage. This brings Switzerland into the leaders of the chocolate industry.
America's confectioners also try to please chocolate candy lovers. The first American chocolate factory founded Milton Hershey. In 1894, instead of caramel, he began to produce chocolate. Hischy's Kisses were packaged in Golden Foil. In 1905, Jershi begins mass production of milk chocolate. By 1906, the factory is a cozy city with all infrastructure, where almost every resident is a worker of chocolate production.
The manufacture of chocolate candies with filling has become possible since 1912 after the invention by Belgian Jean neukhause the chocolate corps.

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In Russia, at the beginning of the XIX century, chocolate candies are still exquisite delicacy for the rich. There were repeated cases of theft of sweets on invited receptions and balas. To explain this behavior is very simple: there was no confectionery factories in Russia, each pastry was preparing candy on his own prescription, which was kept secret.
The first confectionery chocolates appear in Russia in the middle of the XIX century. In 1850, in Arbat in Moscow, the German Ferdinand von Einem opens a small workshop where chocolate candies are doing. Already by 1914, the number of factories reaches 600 across the country, chocolate candies are becoming more accessible. Each factory wanted to supply candy to the court of his imperial Majesty, so special attention was paid to the quality of products. Chocolate candies of that time were not only delicious, but also beautifully packed. Pink, red velvet boxes with satin bottom, boxes with ar-deco ornament, tin and glass chests - as soon as they did not attract the attention of buyers. The packaging often cost more candy, and the drawings on the wrappers did the famous artists: Alexander Benoit, Victor Vasnetsov, Emmanuel Andreev.
Nuts, sweets, fruits, alcoholic beverages - not a complete list of chocolate candy stuffed, to taste any gourmet. Confectioners are developing new recipes to surprise us, and bright labels immediately pay attention. But chocolate candies "Red Poppy", "Bear club", "Kara-Kum", "Squirrel", known from the pre-revolutionary years continue to gain popularity among buyers.

Museum of Russian dessert in the Moscow region Zvenigorod is just a storehouse of knowledge and artifacts of the Russian "sweet" kitchen. Which, as it turns out, is full of curious episodes and unknown pages.

However, in the very museum there are secrets. The main one is the prepared exposure of the "conflexed shop". Sounds unusual? Just the present word "candy" - derived from Latin "withonfectum"- Cooked drug. Back in dictionariesXVIII century This word was a male race. And even on boxesXIX. A century you can read the "Dam's confect". In the first place was the meaning of the "confect is a medicine made from cooked fruits or herbs." And only then - sweetness.

In today's dictionaries, candy is a sugar product prepared with the addition of various types of raw materials, flavoring and aromatic additives. Candy accompany us throughout life. For many, they are "hormone" of happiness and joy. You will eat it and will be better in the soul. And all the troubles will oppress away.

In general, the candy has a story, much longer than we can assume. Her past covers the geography of the whole world. It is said that the first candy is three thousand years old. She was born in ancient Egypt and was a simple ball stripped from finely chopped dops, honey and nuts. In the ancient East, candies did from figs, almonds, honey and the same nuts. In ancient Rome, they were collapsed in the poppies, sesame. The predecessors of Russian candies are most likely today's tuts. INXVII A century to us from the German language was the word - "Cuts". And so it remains for many centuries. Up to the same way, a similar product was called "dry Kiev jam." These pieces of fruit are repeatedly welded in sugar syrup, almost before amber transparency. The first mention of him relate toXIV century In the chronicles, it is told as the Lithuanian prince Yagailo led to the wedding table this is "dry" jam. Subsequently, the fan of this delicacy was CatherineII.. Even her special decree came out so that in the autumn delivered it to St. Petersburg and served to the royal table. Santers and approximate followed by an example of self-catering. So there were diligeans and carts with this sweetness from Kiev.

By 1489, the first references to the familiar candy. For more than 500 years, this is a product of molasses, honey pleases our children and adults. Our great-great ... Ginger's root added there, due to which a spicy taste was obtained. When they learned to make lollipops on the chopstick, unknown. The idea is so simple that, most likely, she was born more than once in many cities. Then forgotten and came again. At first, it was not even "cocks", but "houses", "squirrels", "Bears". Syrup with a molasses poured into a special form, a long pinch was inserted on the side, he frozen there. Then the form "was released" and the lollipop lollipop was obtained to us.

For a long time, candy would be a piece goods if not sugar. The first mention of it also belongs toXIII. century He was brought as spices, sold expensive. And at all, not everyone could afford it. In Russia, for example, drink tea with sugar injection has become a publicly available habit ofXVIII century. That old sugar was made, naturally, from the cane. PeterI. I also tried to curb foreign sacrament and commanded sugar in Russia. In 1718, he even established a sugar chamber. However, then they did sugar from the import sugar cane. Beets as a raw material began to be used much later. And the first indeed domestic sugar factories appear in our earlyXIX. century. Then the numerous confectionery workshops open in Russia, and then there are already massive "industrial" production of candy.

They say, even at the beginningXIX. century in cities and weighs on dinner receptions, dinners and dinners were considered completely nonexistant, if some rich and luxuriously dressed lady makes a candy from the table and hide her in Ridicul. Such "obscene" behavior was explained simply: the candy was a rare product, tempting. So the society farers such misconduct.
Naturally, an example of quality was the confectionery of the imperial yard. Here they really did unique and "piece" products. Actually, a dessert table was served in all aristocratic houses after the dinner.
He was called "Sugar Pary". Even the architect of Rastrelli is involved in the design of such "tables", which were essentially whole pyramids and sugar shears. According to his sketches, fade vases, castles, bouquets were created - the whole architecture of "small forms" was created. They were all from chocolate, marzipanov, mastic, caramel.

We must admit that domestic masters have achieved amazing arts in the production of caramel colors. Whole cascades of these sweets went down from the very top almost to the floor. There were trees decorated with marzipan fruits. Real luxury. But after all, not to disappear! That is why it was taken after the reception to disassemble all her for "royal hotels". In the budget of the imperial court since the days of AlexanderI. there was an appropriate article on these gifts.

Count Slogub recalled how in childhood he was waiting for his grandmother from these balls. As a huge carriage approached the entrance, the grandmother was born out of her. A servant rose ahead of her stairs, which carried two huge dishes filled with marzipans, sugar crackers, gingerbits, cakes, sweets. And all because the grandmother after the ball, not embarrassed, with the help of the neighbors filled these dishes from the general table and was lucky. Cyiver, pockets, ladies' handbags - everything was full of these hotels. And then everyone in the Barsky House - from kids and to the kitchen - they got sweets.

Another person contributed to the Konfat Industry, became ... Thomas Edison. A talented engineer seemed not to pay any of the many industries of science and industry. Confectioners are required by the invention of paraffinated paper, still serving for a candy wrapper.

Nougat, marzipans, cupcakes and chocolate candies - only four types of sweets were produced in our earlyXIX. century. But from the middle of the century, candy appear. The opener of this era was Landrin's factory. The official version states that the factory founded in 1848 the entrepreneur George (Georges) Landrine. It was then that he opened his workshop for the production of candy caramel in Peterhof Highway. Later in the workshop began to produce chocolate and biscuit.

However, there is an alternative story. In the book "Moscow and Moskvischi", Vladimir Gilyarovsky cites information about the origin of the word "Landrin", who told him the famous Moscow Bulkin of Philippov:

"- Though to take candy that Landrin is called ... Who is Landrin? What is Montpanne? Before this Montpanne, our French people learned to do, only sold them in pieces wrapped in all confectionery ... And then Landrin is too, too, the word as bad, what and it is necessary for trading, but it came out very simple.

At the Confectionery Gregory Efimovich Eliseeva, this Montpannan worked Kustar Fedya. Every morning, it happened, he carries the tray of Montpanne, "he did him in a special way," half a white and red, a little, besides him, no one could do that, and in pieces of paper. After a name, what, with a hangover, he jumped up the goods Eliseev to carry.
Sees, the tray covered is prepared. Grabbed and runs to be offended. Brings. Eliseev untied the tray and shouted at him:
- What have you brought? What?..
He saw Fedya that she forgot to complete the candy in the paper, grabbed the tray, ran. Tired, sat down on the tumba near the gymnasium of female ... Rymnasisters run, one, the other
- How much is candy?
He does not understand-
- Do you take two kopecks? Give heels.
One hryingnik is fuss ... For her, another ... he takes money and realized that it is profitable. Then they ran a lot, they started the tray and say:
- You come to the courtyard tomorrow, to 12 o'clock, to change ... What is your name?
- Fedor, by the name Landrin
Calculated the baryrs - it is more profitable than Eliseev to sell, and the paper is gold in the ladies. The next day again brought to the gymnasium.
- Landrine came!
Began to trade first aims, then in places, and there it also opened the factory. Steel these sweets are called "Landrin" - the word seemed to be French ... Landrin Yes Landrine! And he himself, the Novgorod peasant and the last name received from the river Landra, on which his village is worth ".